计算方法揭示了探索性游戏中的发展转变
Joseph Colantonio1, Ilona Bass1,2, Yee Lee Shing3
1Graduate School of Education, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.
Developmental science
|October 25, 2025
概括
年长的孩子在游戏中更有变化地探索,坚持更少. 计算马尔科夫模型揭示了探索策略的发展转变,特别是新玩具,有助于理解认知发展.
科学领域:
- 认知发展 认知发展
- 计算建模 计算建模
- 发展心理学 发展心理学
背景情况:
- 探索性游戏对认知发展至关重要,但对其转变的定量表征是有限的.
- 编码和分析儿童游戏行为的挑战阻碍了对发育变化的研究.
研究的目的:
- 通过计算建模,量化描述儿童探索性游戏模式的发展变化.
- 为了研究儿童的探索策略如何从早期到中年儿童 (3-11岁) 变化.
主要方法:
- 分析了432名儿童在五个不同的探索任务中的行为数据.
- 行为逐步编码:重复行为,切换目标或终止游戏.
- 运用计算马尔科夫模型来量化特定儿童的过渡概率 (停留,切换,结束).
主要成果:
- 年长的孩子表现出减少了坚持 (重复行动) 和增加了转向新目标.
- 年长的孩子更有可能更早地完成任务,这表明探索策略的转变.
- 在新玩具探索任务中,发育效应最为明显.
结论:
- 马尔科夫模型有效量化了儿童探索性游戏中的发展变化.
- 年长的孩子表现出更大的探索性变化和更少的坚持,有取决于背景的变化.
- 这些发现与先前的研究相协调,强调任务结构的相互作用和探索策略的发展变化.
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