燃料电池的实际使用,排放和成本 电动卡车车队
Hao Lin1, Pei Zhao2, Fang Wang1
1School of Environment, State Key Laboratory of Regional Environment and Sustainability, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
Environmental science & technology
|October 25, 2025
概括
燃料电池电动卡车 (FCET) 对重型运输的脱碳显示出希望. 实际数据显示,如果没有补贴,排放量较低,但成本较高,需要战略部署和基础设施以实现广泛采用.
科学领域:
- 运输工程 运输工程 运输工程
- 可持续的能源系统可持续的能源系统
- 环境科学环境科学
背景情况:
- 燃料电池电动卡车 (FCET) 是重型运输的脱碳解决方案之一.
- 关于现实世界的表现和成本的不确定性阻碍了FCET的广泛采用.
- 中国的大规模部署为研究FCET提供了一个独特的机会.
研究的目的:
- 分析FCET在中国的实际运营绩效.
- 在各种场景中评估能源消耗,温室气体排放和FCET的TCO.
- 确定影响FCET采用和TCO平价的因素.
主要方法:
- 在中国的六个应用场景中分析了106个重型FCET的操作数据.
- 检查使用模式,能源消耗和生命周期温室气体排放.
- 计算和比较所有权总成本 (TCO) 与柴油卡车 (DT).
主要成果:
- FCET主要用于短距离到中距离航线 (每天<300公里).
- 在北京,FCET的生命周期温室气体排放量通常低于柴油和电池电动卡车,除了低利用率的情况下.
- 没有补贴的FCET的TCO比DTs高42-152%,但补贴可以使它们更便宜13-36%.
结论:
- 在重型卡车运输中,FCET具有显著的碳减排潜力.
- 实现TCO平价需要将FCET与合适的应用相匹配,并确保适当的加油基础设施.
- 战略规划和支持对FCET至关重要,特别是到2030年长途运营.
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