正念和认知策略干预对ADHD儿童核心症状的影响:随机对照试验
Xueke Wang1, Li Chen2, Tingyong Feng3
1School of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China.
Journal of affective disorders
|October 25, 2025
概括
正念和认知策略显著减少儿童的多动症症状,改善持续长期. 这些干预措施还可以增强执行功能和抑制控制,提供有价值的治疗选择.
科学领域:
- 儿童和青少年精神病学 儿童和青少年精神病学
- 行为心理学 行为心理学
- 神经发育障碍 神经发育障碍
背景情况:
- 注意缺陷/多动障碍 (ADHD) 是儿童常见的一种神经发育障碍.
- 心理干预,包括正念和认知策略,是有希望的,但需要在儿科患者群体中进行更多的研究.
- 现有的治疗方法往往侧重于症状管理,强调了需要进行改善认知功能的干预措施的需要.
研究的目的:
- 研究结合正念和认知行为策略的有效性和可持续性,以减少儿童的核心ADHD症状.
- 评估这些干预措施对执行功能和抑制控制的影响.
- 为了比较两个不同的干预结构的疗效:基于正念的认知干预 (M+CB) 和基于认知的正念干预 (C+MB).
主要方法:
- 一项随机对照试验 (RCT) 涉及70名被诊断患有ADHD的6-12岁儿童.
- 参与者被分配到M+CB组,C+MB组 (12周干预) 或对照组 (照顾正常).
- 症状严重程度,执行功能和抑制控制被评估,使用家长评级秤和儿童测量测试在治疗后和1个月和4个月的随访.
主要成果:
- 与对照组相比,M+CB和C+MB组在家长评估的ADHD症状中均显著降低,随访时效应保持.
- 干预组中更高比例的儿童显示出可靠的改善,特别是那些具有更严重的基线症状的儿童.
- 儿童评估的抑制控制的改善预测了症状的减少,M+CB组在多动-冲动和执行功能方面表现出更大的改善.
结论:
- 整合正念和认知行为策略的干预措施有效地减少了儿童的核心ADHD症状.
- 这些心理干预提供了持续的好处,可以增强关键的执行功能和抑制控制.
- 这些发现支持使用这些结合策略作为儿童多动症管理的有价值的治疗选择.
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