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术后过敏性的性别差异:一个系统的综述和元分析

Ricardo J Estrada-Mendizabal¹, Payge Moraca², Alfonso J Castillo-Ivon³

¹Division of Allergy, Asthma and Clinical Immunology, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, Arizona.

Annals of allergy, asthma & immunology : official publication of the American College of Allergy, Asthma, & Immunology

|October 25, 2025

概括

术周过敏症 (POH) 主要影响女性,但男性在儿科病例中显示出更高的比例. 荷尔蒙和染色体因素可能会影响POH的这些基于性别的差异.

科学领域:

免疫学免疫学免疫学
麻醉学麻醉学
药理学药理学是指药理学的学科.

背景情况:

术后过敏症 (POH) 是一种罕见但严重的立即过敏反应.
外科手术期间的过敏反应是一种严重的POH形式,具有2%的显著死亡率.
性别对免疫反应的影响表明POH的潜在基于性别的差异,这些差异仍未得到充分探索.

研究的目的:

系统地评估经手术后过敏发生率的基于性别的差异.
调查年龄,特定药物和反应严重程度与基于性别的POH比例的相关性.

主要方法:

在主要数据库 (MEDLINE,EMBASE,Scopus,Web of Science) 中进行了全面的系统文献搜索.
包括的研究报告了术后过敏症患者的女性与男性比例.
根据年龄,药物和严重程度进行分组分析的比例元分析被用来确定聚合的性别比例.

主要成果:

分析包括了62项涉及19,944名患者的研究,显示POH中女性占主导的比例为63%.
在POH中,女性与男性的整体综合比率为0.60,表明女性的比例更高.
虽然成年人显示女性占主导地位 (0.59),但男性在儿科研究中更有代表性 (0.41).

结论:

在外科手术期间的过敏症呈现出整体女性占主导地位,在儿科患者群体中显著例外.
染色体因素可能解释儿童男性比例较高,而荷尔蒙影响可能导致成人女性占主导地位.
需要进行进一步的研究,以阐明导致POH中这些观察到的基于性别的差异的潜在生物机制.

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