重估过度选择的刺激:培训后灭绝程度对刺激过度选择性的影响
Stephanie Gomes-Ng1,2, Sarah Cowie2, Douglas Elliffe2
1Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand.
Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior
|October 27, 2025
概括
过度选择的刺激经历部分灭绝后,通过未经选择的刺激来控制行为可以出现. 灭绝的程度显著影响了选择不足的刺激是否获得或失去控制,突出了刺激控制中的意外变化.
科学领域:
- 认知心理学 认知心理学
- 行为科学 行为科学
- 学习和记忆的学习和记忆
背景情况:
- 过度选择性刺激控制发生在行为主要受到可用的刺激子集的影响时.
- 过度选择的刺激的灭绝可能会导致以前选择不足的刺激的控制出现.
- 了解影响这种出现的参数对于行为修改至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 研究过度选择的刺激的灭绝程度如何影响过度选择的刺激对控制的作用.
- 检查应急变化在再估值后刺激控制中的作用.
- 测试来自过度选择性的比较者理论的预测.
主要方法:
- 成年参与者 (N=459) 参与了与复合刺激 (S+和S-) 进行同时歧视任务.
- 在最初的歧视之后,参与者在未加强的测试中选择了单个刺激元素.
- 过度选择的S+元素经过了重新估值,在重新估值后重新测试之前,具有不同的强化概率 (0到1).
主要成果:
- 过度选择元素的选择在重新估值后下降,在强化概率较低之后下降更大 (部分灭绝).
- 过度选择的刺激完全消失时,被选择不足的元素控制的程度会降低.
- 当过度选择的刺激被部分强化 (有时或总是强化) 时,被选择不足的元素的控制会增加.
结论:
- 重估期间的意外变化显著影响重估后的刺激控制.
- 过度选择的刺激的部分灭绝可能会导致过度选择的刺激对控制的出现.
- 这些发现支持过度选择性的比较理论,并表明对临床群体的含义.
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