美国青少年和年轻成年人死亡率的性别差异
Elizabeth M Lawrence1, Richard G Rogers2, Robert A Hummer3
1University of Nevada, Las Vegas.
Population research and policy review
|October 27, 2025
概括
男性青少年和年轻人面临的死亡风险明显高于女性. 解决健康行为和社会因素可以减少这些差异,并改善美国的整体预期寿命.
科学领域:
- 公共卫生 公共卫生
- 人口统计学 人口统计学
- 社会学 社会学 社会学
背景情况:
- 美国女性的预期寿命比男性更长,受社会,心理,行为和健康因素的影响.
- 之前关于性别差异死亡率的研究主要集中在中年至老年人群,忽视了青少年和年轻成年人群.
研究的目的:
- 调查美国青少年和年轻成年人 (12-46岁) 死亡率的性别差异.
- 确定导致这些基于性别的死亡率差异的因素,并探索潜在的干预措施.
主要方法:
- 利用了从青少年到成人健康 (添加健康) 国家纵向研究的数据.
- 链接添加健康数据与死亡记录到2021年12月.
- 采用Cox的比例危险模型来分析按性别的死亡风险.
主要成果:
- 与青春期和年轻成年期的女性相比,男性的死亡风险明显高 (HR=1.69).
- 外部死亡原因的死亡率差异比内部死亡原因更为明显.
- 控制各种因素 (童年经历,健康行为,社会关系) 降低了死亡率的性别差异,但没有消除.
- 年轻女性的心理和身体健康状况较差部分抑制了死亡率中观察到的性别差异.
结论:
- 在美国年轻人群中,死亡率存在显著的性别差异,男性的风险更高.
- 针对已识别的风险因素的干预措施可以降低两性死亡率,缩小死亡率差距.
- 减少早期死亡率差异可能有助于增加美国的预期寿命,并减少年龄较大的死亡率的性别差异.
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