马德里 (西班牙) 的PM2.5可避免的死亡负担
Ángel López-Encuentra1, Esther Gil Cid2, Víctor Abraira3
1Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain.
Open respiratory archives
|October 27, 2025
概括
高度的室外细颗粒物 (PM2.5) 污染显著增加了肺癌和非传染性疾病死亡率. 减少PM2.5对于公共卫生政策至关重要.
科学领域:
- 环境健康 环境健康
- 公共卫生 公共卫生
- 流行病学 流行病学
背景情况:
- 世界卫生组织 (WHO) 制定了2021年年度室外细颗粒物 (PM2.5) 度为5μg/m3.5的指导方针.
- 升高的PM2.5水平对呼吸道和心血管健康构成重大风险.
研究的目的:
- 评估2023年在两个不同的城市地区环境PM2.5度对健康的影响.
- 量化因PM2.5暴露而导致的肺癌和非传染性疾病死亡率的可归因负担.
主要方法:
- 在两个城市 (南部和中部) 监测室外PM2.5度 (cPM2.5).
- 对25岁以上人口肺癌和非传染性疾病的死亡率数据的分析.
- 与超过世卫组织指导方针的PM2.5水平相关的可避免死亡负担的估计.
主要成果:
- 世界卫生组织对PM2.5的5μg/m3指南在南方超过了70%的时间,在中部超过了99%.
- 在中部地区,64%的PM2.5值超过15μg/m3.
- 估计每年肺癌死亡率在6.7%至8.7%之间,非传染性疾病死亡率在10.7%至12.3%之间.
结论:
- 研究的城市地区的环境PM2.5度明显超过了世卫组织的建议.
- 肺癌和非传染性疾病死亡率的很大一部分归因于PM2.5污染.
- 迫切需要采取公共卫生干预措施,以大大降低PM2.5水平并减轻相关死亡率.
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