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Gap Junctions01:37

Gap Junctions

56.8K
Multicellular organisms employ a variety of ways for cells to communicate with each other. Gap junctions are specialized proteins that form pores between neighboring cells in animals, connecting the cytoplasm between the two, and allowing for the exchange of molecules and ions. They are found in a wide range of invertebrate and vertebrate species, mediate numerous functions including cell differentiation and development, and are associated with numerous human diseases, including cardiac and...
56.8K
Gap Junctions01:27

Gap Junctions

9.3K
The cytoplasm of adjacent animal cells can exchange small molecules, ions, and secondary messengers via the communication channels which form the gap junctions. These junctions comprise a few hundred to thousands of molecular channels, each made of two halves, called the connexon hemichannel. A connexon is a hexamer of six transmembrane connexin proteins, which assemble radially, thus forming a pore or channel in the center. One connexon hemichannel docks with a corresponding connexon on the...
9.3K
Mismatch Repair01:20

Mismatch Repair

6.3K
Organisms are capable of detecting and fixing nucleotide mismatches that occur during DNA replication. This sophisticated process requires identifying the new strand and replacing the erroneous bases with correct nucleotides. Mismatch repair is coordinated by many proteins in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes.
The Mutator Protein Family Plays a Key Role in DNA Mismatch Repair
The human genome has more than 3 billion base pairs of DNA per cell. Prior to cell division, that vast amount of genetic...
6.3K
Mismatch Repair01:36

Mismatch Repair

43.5K
Overview
43.5K
Self-Discrepancy and Its Effects01:29

Self-Discrepancy and Its Effects

272
Self-discrepancy theory explains how people compare their actual self to their ideal and ought selves and how mismatches between these self-guides can lead to emotional distress. Developed by E. Tory Higgins, the theory distinguishes among three components of self-concept: the actual self, the ideal self, and the ought self. These refer respectively to how individuals perceive themselves, how they aspire to be, and how they believe they are obligated to be. Emotional well-being, self-esteem,...
272
Self-Discrepancy Theory02:45

Self-Discrepancy Theory

18.9K
One influential perspective on what motivates people's behavior is detailed in Tory Higgin's self-discrepancy theory (Higgins, 1987). He proposed that people hold disagreeing internal representations of themselves that lead to different emotional states.  
18.9K

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Updated: Jan 14, 2026

A Tool to Automatically Create Stable and Reproducible Cell-free Gaps for Improving the Reliability of Cell Wound Healing Assay
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失败差距就是失败的差距.

Lauren Eskreis-Winkler1, Kaitlin Woolley2, Minhee Kim3

  • 1Kellogg School of Management, Northwestern University.

Journal of personality and social psychology
|October 27, 2025
PubMed
概括
此摘要是机器生成的。

人们总是低估失败,这种现象被称为失败差距. 这种低估影响政策决策,但缩小这一差距可以带来更公平的结果.

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科学领域:

  • 社会心理学 社会心理学
  • 行为经济学是一种行为经济学.
  • 公共政策 公共政策

背景情况:

  • 个人表现出对周围发生的问题和失败的系统无意识.
  • 这种被称作"失败差距"的不意识,涵盖了个人,国家和国际层面的众多生活领域.

研究的目的:

  • 调查失败差距的流行和性质.
  • 探索这种低估失败背后的原因.
  • 检查失败差距的政策影响和潜在可纠正性.

主要方法:

  • 30多个领域的实证研究评估了公众对失败与成功的认识.
  • 对失败的分析,与成功相比,报告不足.
  • 干预研究评估缩小失败差距对政策支持和社会态度的影响.

主要成果:

  • 人们大大低估了失败的频率 (例如,物种灭绝,未被发现的安全威胁).
  • 与成功相比,在各种情况下,失败总是被低估.
  • 缩小失败差距影响政策支持,减少惩罚性措施和社会耻辱.

结论:

  • 失败差距是一种广泛且具有影响力的认知偏见.
  • 对失败的认识对于在政策和社会背景下做出明智决策至关重要.
  • 旨在缩小失败差距的干预措施可以促进更加富有同情心和有效的政策.