在糖尿病预防计划中使用人工智能进行生活方式干预与人类辅导:随机临床试验
Nestoras Mathioudakis1, Benjamin Lalani1, Mohammed S Abusamaan1,2
1Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes & Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland.
JAMA
|October 27, 2025
概括
人工智能 (AI) 领导的糖尿病预防计划 (DPP) 生活方式干预被发现与人类领导的 DPP 对于糖尿病前期的成年人一样有效. 这种人工智能方法在减肥,体力活动和HbA1c降低方面取得了类似的结果.
科学领域:
- 数字健康
- 代谢健康
- 临床试验
背景情况:
- 糖尿病前期影响了相当一部分成年人群.
- 基于证据的生活方式干预措施,如糖尿病预防计划 (DPP),未得到充分利用.
- 有效的干预措施对于预防发展为2型糖尿病至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 为了比较一个完全由人工智能 (AI) 领导的DPP生活方式干预与人类领导的DPP的非劣势.
- 评估结果,包括体重减轻,HbA1c降低和身体活动水平.
- 评估人工智能在超重或肥胖成年人糖尿病前期治疗中的有效性.
主要方法:
- 一项实用性,非劣势性随机临床试验,涉及糖尿病前期和超重/肥胖的成年人.
- 参与者被随机分为1:1的人工智能DPP (移动应用程序和数字秤) 或人类教练领导的DPP.
- 在12个月的时间里进行了远程干预,通过综合测量评估结果.
主要成果:
- 人工智能领导的DPP组在31.7%的参与者中实现了主要的复合结果,而人类领导的DPP组则为31.9%.
- 风险差异为-0.2%,符合非劣质标准,表明效果可比.
- 在人工智能 (93. 4%) 和人为主导 (82. 7%) 干预中观察到高启动率.
结论:
- 对于患有糖尿病前期和超重或肥胖的成年人来说,向人工智能主导的完全自动化DPP的转诊不低于人为主导的DPP的转诊.
- 人工智能驱动的干预措施是可扩展和有效的替代生活方式修改.
- 这项研究支持人工智能在糖尿病前期治疗和预防2型糖尿病的整合.
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