来自克里米亚的新晚期尼安德特人揭示了整个欧亚大陆的长途联系
Emily M Pigott1,2, Konstantina Cheshmedzhieva1,2, Elke Zeller3
1Department of Evolutionary Anthropology, University of Vienna, Vienna 1030, Austria.
概括
来自克里米亚的骨头碎片的基因分析揭示了一个尼安德特人个体,可以追溯到46,000年前. 这一发现支持尼安德特人在欧亚大陆的分散,可能是有利气候条件所促进的.
科学领域:
- 古遗传学是古遗传学的一部分.
- 古石器时代的考古学考古学
- 古气候学 古气候学
背景情况:
- 克里米亚半岛拥有重要的古石器遗址,在Homo sapiens到来之前被认为是尼安德特人避难所.
- 以前的研究由于保存问题而缺乏该地区晚期尼安德特人的遗传数据.
研究的目的:
- 在克里米亚的Starosele遗址使用先进的选技术调查潜在的人类遗骸.
- 确定任何已识别的人类遗骸的分类学和时间归属.
- 探索尼安德特人的分散模式和潜在的气候影响.
主要方法:
- 通过质谱仪 (ZooMS) 的动物园考古学被用来选数千个骨头碎片,以寻找人类遗骸.
- 放射性碳年代测定是在一个被确定为正确的人类骨片上进行的.
- 线粒体基因组测序是在古代人类DNA上进行的.
主要成果:
- 一个~5厘米的骨头碎片通过ZooMS获得了Hominidae的识别.
- 通过放射性碳测年法,该碎片的年龄为46000-45000年.
- 线粒体基因组测序证实该个体是尼安德特人,与来自俄罗斯阿尔泰地区的人群聚集在一起.
结论:
- 这项研究提供了克里米亚晚期尼安德特人的第一个遗传证据.
- 这些发现表明,在6万年前之后,尼安德特人与米科奎人产业有着更广泛的分散关系.
- 沿55°N的古气候走廊可能促进了尼安德特人在克里米亚和阿尔泰之间长途移动.
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