饮食障碍治疗的最新进展
Alexandra R Allam1, Evelyn Attia2
1Columbia University Irving Medical Center, 1051 Riverside Dr, New York, NY 10032, USA; New York State Psychiatric Institute, 1051 Riverside Dr, New York, NY 10032, USA.
概括
饮食障碍需要量身定制的治疗方法,心理治疗是主要的方法. 虽然一些疗法和药物表现有前途,但对神经调节等新型治疗方法的进一步研究对于改善结果和降低复发率至关重要.
科学领域:
- 精神病学是一个精神病学.
- 临床心理学 临床心理学
- 神经科学是一个神经科学.
背景情况:
- 饮食障碍 (ED),如神经性厌食症 (AN),神经性嗜食症 (BN),过度饮食障碍 (BED) 和避免/限制性食物摄入障碍 (ARFID) 是严重的心理健康状况.
- 目前的治疗主要涉及心理治疗,药物治疗可作为辅助或在首选时使用.
- 现有的治疗策略存在局限性,包括可变的有效性和显著的复发率.
研究的目的:
- 对饮食障碍的当前心理治疗和药物治疗方法进行审查.
- 突出特定治疗的有效性,如基于家庭的治疗,认知行为疗法 (CBT) 和FDA批准的药物.
- 确定未来研究领域,包括新的心理治疗和生物治疗.
主要方法:
- 关于饮食障碍治疗的现有文献的综述.
- 分析心理治疗方法 (例如,基于家庭的治疗,CBT) 和它们对不同ED的适用性.
- 检查FDA批准的药物治疗方法及其适用情况.
- 探索新兴的治疗策略,包括神经调节.
主要成果:
- 基于家庭的治疗对青少年AN和BN有效.
- 以饮食障碍为重点的CBT对BN和BED有益;适应的CBT对ARFID有希望.
- 弗洛克塞丁是FDA批准的BN;lisdexamfetamine被批准用于BED.
- 目前的治疗方法并不普遍有效,复发率仍然很高.
结论:
- 饮食障碍的治疗选择应该是疾病特异性的.
- 需要继续研究更有效的治疗方法,例如REACH+针对AN的心理治疗和针对EDs相关的大脑区域的神经调制技术.
- 提高治疗效率和减少复发是未来饮食障碍管理的关键目标.
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