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相关概念视频

Levels of Use of a GIS01:29

Levels of Use of a GIS

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Geographic Information Systems (GIS) operate across three levels of application, each representing an increasing degree of complexity: data management, analysis, and prediction. These levels reflect the expanding functionality and versatility of GIS technology in handling spatial data for diverse purposes.Data ManagementAt its foundational level, GIS serves as a tool for data management, enabling the input, storage, retrieval, and organization of spatial data. This level is often employed in...
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GIS Software, Hardware, and Sources of GIS Data01:23

GIS Software, Hardware, and Sources of GIS Data

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A Geographic Information System (GIS) combines specialized software and hardware to effectively manage, analyze, and present spatial and related data. GIS software includes critical functionalities such as a user interface for easy navigation, database management tools for handling spatial and attribute data, and data retrieval features for efficient access. Analytical tools transform raw data into insights, while display functions produce maps and reports in various formats for effective...
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Types of Global Positioning System Surveys01:30

Types of Global Positioning System Surveys

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GPS surveying methods vary in application, accuracy, and data collection techniques, catering to diverse surveying and mapping needs. Static GPS, kinematic GPS, and real-time kinematic (RTK) surveying are widely used. Each technique offers distinct advantages.Static GPS involves placing one receiver at a known reference point and another at the target point. It collects exact positional data by observing multiple satellite ranges over an extended period, achieving centimeter-level accuracy for...
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Selected Data About Geographic Locations01:25

Selected Data About Geographic Locations

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Geographic Information Systems (GIS) rely on two core types of data: spatial data and attribute data.Spatial DataSpatial data defines the physical location of features within a coordinate system, typically expressed in terms of latitude and longitude. It provides precise positioning for elements like roads, rivers, or buildings.Attribute DataAttribute data complements spatial data by adding descriptive information about these features. For example, a road's spatial data includes its start and...
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Design Example: Sustainability in Concrete Building01:26

Design Example: Sustainability in Concrete Building

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As the construction industry moves towards more eco-friendly practices, concrete's adaptability and its ability to incorporate sustainable features make it a key material in the drive towards greener building solutions.
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Topography involves measuring and mapping land elevations, natural features, and artificial structures to create accurate representations of the terrain. Topographic surveying relies on traditional and modern methods, each with distinct advantages and limitations.Traditional Surveying Methods:Transit stadia surveys and plane table surveys were widely used traditional surveying methods. These techniques relied on instruments like theodolites and stadia rods for measuring distances and angles,...
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从足迹到功能:一个全面的全球和语义建筑足迹数据集.

Laurens J N Oostwegel1,2, Danijel Schorlemmer3,4, Philippe Guéguen5

  • 1Section Dynamic Hazard and Earthquake Risk, GFZ Helmholz Centre for Geosciences, Potsdam, Germany. laurens@gfz.de.

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概括

通过结合人工智能和众包数据,创建了一个新的全球建筑数据集,拥有27亿个足迹. 这一全面的数据集有助于城市规划,危机管理和自然灾害风险评估.

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科学领域:

  • 地理信息科学 地理信息科学
  • 城市规划 城市规划
  • 减少灾害风险 减少灾害风险

背景情况:

  • 建筑物对于定居模式分析,城市规划和多种危险风险评估至关重要.
  • 可访问的全球建筑数据对于各种应用,包括危机管理和能源效率至关重要.
  • 现有的数据集往往具有完整性偏差,特别是在人类发展指数较低的地区.

研究的目的:

  • 创建迄今为止最详细和最广泛的全球建筑足迹数据集.
  • 解决对可访问和全面的建筑数据的需求,用于研究和实际应用.
  • 为自然灾害脆弱性评估和人口分布建模提供可靠的基础.

主要方法:

  • 人工智能衍生数据集 (谷歌开放建筑,微软全球ML建筑足迹) 与众筹数据 (OpenStreetMap) 的结合.
  • 使用全球地震模型建筑分类学对建筑足迹的分类.
  • 使用库尔巴克-莱布勒分歧和斯洛文尼亚和希腊的地表数据验证占用类型和建筑高度估计.

主要成果:

  • 27亿个建筑足迹的数据集,提供前所未有的细节和全球覆盖.
  • 通过平衡单个数据集中存在的偏差来提高数据的完整性.
  • 证明了数据集对全球建筑信息的可靠性和价值,尽管有轻微的错误分类.

结论:

  • 合并的全球建筑数据集为各种应用提供了宝贵的资源.
  • 该数据集增强了自然危险评估,城市规划和人口分布建模方面的能力.
  • 进一步的研究可以利用这一数据集来完善风险评估,并为政策决策提供信息.