重新使用药物来预防精神病症
Bruce M Cohen1, Donna L McPhie2, Kai-Christian Sonntag3
1Program for Neuropsychiatric Research, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA, USA. bcohen@mclean.harvard.edu.
Npj mental health research
|October 28, 2025
概括
精神分裂症往往有早期症状,但精神病在年轻成年期在大脑变化期间发展. 本综述探讨了预防精神病进展的机制和药物的重新用途.
科学领域:
- 神经科学是一个神经科学.
- 精神病学是一个精神病学.
- 药理学 药理学是指药理学的学科.
背景情况:
- 精神分裂症经常呈现出先发性症状,精神病通常在青春期或年轻成人时期出现.
- 这一发育期的特点是大脑发生了显著的重塑,这是精神病发作的关键阶段.
- 目前针对精神病的预防策略的有效性有限.
研究的目的:
- 审查导致精神分裂症中精神病发展的潜在机制.
- 确定针对这些已识别的机制的现有药物.
- 探索这些药物用于预防精神病的潜在重新用途.
主要方法:
- 对精神病发展机制的证据的系统审查.
- 分析与这些机制相关的药理目标.
- 对具有相关作用机制的现有药物进行文献搜索.
主要成果:
- 确定了关键的生物学机制,涉及到过渡到精神病.
- 突出了一些调节这些特定机制的现有药物.
- 建立了在风险人群中重新使用这些药物的理由.
结论:
- 针对特定的神经生物学机制为预防精神病提供了一个有希望的途径.
- 重新使用现有药物可能是缓解精神分裂症进展的可行策略.
- 需要进一步的临床研究来验证重定向药物的疗效.
相关概念视频
01:28Psychosis and Antipsychotic Drugs: Overview
802
The term "psychosis" refers to a spectrum of mental disorders characterized by abnormal thoughts, perceptions, and behaviors. It can manifest as mood disorders, dementia, delirium with psychotic features, substance-induced psychosis with psychotic features, brief psychotic disorder, delusional disorder, schizoaffective disorder, and schizophrenia. Among all these disorders, schizophrenia is the most common psychotic disorder, affecting 1% of the worldwide population. Psychotic...
802
01:26Psychosis: Goals of Pharmacotherapy
460
Antipsychotic drugs are a crucial treatment method for acute and chronic psychoses, bipolar illness, and behavioral disorders. The selection of these drugs depends on several factors, including the state of the disease, clinical judgment, possible drug interactions, and the patient's sensitivity to adverse effects. In immediate scenarios, such as delirium and dementia, short-term treatment with low doses of high-potency typical or atypical agents can effectively manage symptom exacerbation.
460
01:28Drug Therapy
239
The advent of drug therapy has profoundly shaped modern mental health care, providing targeted treatments for a range of psychological disorders. Psychotherapeutic drugs, classified into antianxiety, antidepressant, and antipsychotic medications, address symptoms across anxiety disorders, mood disorders, and schizophrenia. While these medications have transformed patient outcomes, they require careful management due to their potential side effects and limitations.
Antianxiety Medications
Antianxiety Medications
239
01:21Antipsychotic Drugs: Therapeutic Uses and Side Effects
735
Antipsychotic drugs primarily block dopamine and serotonin receptors and cholinergic, adrenergic, and histaminergic receptors, thereby reducing hallucinations and delusions in conditions like schizophrenia. However, they can trigger unwanted extrapyramidal effects such as dystonias, Parkinson-like symptoms, and tardive dyskinesia.
Despite these side effects, antipsychotics are used therapeutically for various purposes, including managing schizophrenia, preventing nausea and vomiting, curbing...
Despite these side effects, antipsychotics are used therapeutically for various purposes, including managing schizophrenia, preventing nausea and vomiting, curbing...
735
01:21Antipsychotic Drugs: Typical and Atypical Agents
744
Antipsychotic drugs are classified into first-generation (typical) drugs including phenothiazines; and second-generation (atypical) drugs. Chlorpromazine hydrochloride (Thorazine), a phenothiazine derivative, broadly impacts the central, autonomic, and endocrine systems. This drug, along with typical agents like haloperidol (Haldol), primarily works by antagonizing D2 receptors, thus reducing dopaminergic neurotransmission. However, typical antipsychotics can cause side effects such as sedation...
744
01:24Mania and Antimanic Drugs: Overview
542
Mania, a psychological condition characterized by elevated mood, increased energy, and reduced sleep need, is part of the bipolar disorder cycle. The exact cause of mania isn't entirely known, but it is thought to be a combination of genetic, environmental, and neurological factors. Bipolar disorder involves alternating manic and depressive episodes. Mood stabilizers like lithium, antipsychotics, and anticonvulsants help manage these episodes. Lithium carbonate is particularly effective as...
542