与COVID-19相关的慢性心血管疾病:文学综述
Adam Dudek1, Marcin Bursy1, Wojciech Szkudlarek2
1General Practice, University Hospital in Poznań, Poznań, POL.
Cureus
|October 28, 2025
概括
长期COVID (LC) 可以导致慢性心血管问题,如心脏纤维化,POTS,高血压和凝血病. 研究强调了共享的机制,以及对这些长期COVID并发症的更好的治疗和监测的需要.
科学领域:
- 心脏病学 心脏病学
- 传染性疾病 传染性疾病
- 公共卫生 公共卫生
背景情况:
- 后COVID-19综合征 (PCS),或长期COVID (LC),带来了重大的长期健康挑战.
- 心血管并发症越来越被认为是LC的主要组成部分.
- 这些慢性问题给全球医疗保健系统带来了越来越大的负担.
研究的目的:
- 审查成人SARS-CoV-2感染后慢性心血管结果的原始研究.
- 识别和总结与长期COVID相关的关键心血管疾病.
- 探索这些疾病的常见病理生理机制和当前的管理策略.
主要方法:
- 对同行评审研究的叙述性审查在PubMed.
- 纳入标准:2020年1月至2025年8月发表的研究,成年人群,SARS-CoV-2后慢性心血管结果的初级临床或成像数据.
- 排除标准:病例报告,仅为儿科的队列,未经同行评审的来源.
主要成果:
- 专注于心脏纤维化 (心纤维化),姿势静止性心律失常综合征 (POTS),新发性高血压 (HT) 和凝血病作为LC中普遍存在的心血管问题.
- 确定了包括内皮炎症,RAAS破坏,免疫损伤和高凝结能力在内的共享机制.
- 有证据表明心肌纤维化,自主功能障碍 (POTS),高血压风险增加以及长期的血栓栓塞事件.
结论:
- 目前的LC心血管问题的管理主要是症状性,利用重新定位的药物和康复.
- 关于长期高血压风险,纤维化进展和POTS治疗,存在重大知识差距.
- 迫切需要进行研究,同时增加临床关注和积极的心血管监测COVID-19幸存者.
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