在使用新辅助系统疗法用于头部和部状细胞癌的趋势
Wesley L Cai1, Vanessa Helou1, Katie M Carlson1,2
1Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.
JAMA network open
|October 28, 2025
概括
从2013年到2022年,头平细胞癌 (HNSCC) 的新辅助免疫疗法使用量几乎翻了一番,而新辅助化疗的使用量却下降了. 这些发现反映了HNSCC治疗策略的重大转变.
科学领域:
- 在瘤学瘤学.
- 头部和部癌症研究研究
- 癌症治疗趋势 癌症治疗趋势
背景情况:
- 头部和部状细胞癌 (HNSCC) 治疗正在发展,对新辅助全身疗法 (NST) 的兴趣越来越大.
- 关于NST在HNSCC患者中的现实应用和趋势的数据有限.
- 了解这些趋势对于调整治疗方案和解释新出现的临床试验数据至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 分析2004年至2022年间使用新辅助全身疗法 (NST) 治疗头支状细胞癌 (HNSCC) 的时间趋势.
- 在HNSCC患者中确定与接受新辅助化疗和免疫治疗相关的社会人口统计学和临床因素.
- 评估近二十年来NST在HNSCC治疗中的变化.
主要方法:
- 一个多中心,回顾性队列研究,利用国家癌症数据库.
- 包括2004年至2022年被诊断出HNSCC的312,748名接受了最终手术的患者.
- 定义NST作为在最终手术前至少8周进行的治疗;分析社会人口统计学和临床特征.
主要成果:
- 总体而言,NST的使用率很低 (0.6%),新辅助化疗在69.0%和免疫疗法在36.5%的接受者中.
- 从2007年到2022年,新辅助免疫疗法使用量显著增加 (每年22.5%),而化疗使用量则下降 (每年-2.5%).
- 新辅助免疫疗法在私人保险患者,第四阶段疾病患者中更常见,在黑人患者中不太常见.
结论:
- 在HNSCC中,新辅助免疫治疗的比率在2013年至2022年之间几乎翻了一番,这表明治疗模式发生了重大转变.
- 与此同时,新辅助化疗的使用量显著下降,突出显示HNSCC的治疗环境在不断变化.
- 这些观察到的趋势为正在进行的研究和在HNSCC中实施新的新辅助治疗策略提供了必要的背景.
相关概念视频
02:49Cancer Therapies
9.8K
Cancer therapies are various modes of treatment, such as surgery, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy that are administered to cancer patients.
However, cancer treatments can pose several challenges, as therapies used to kill cancer cells are generally also toxic to normal cells. Moreover, cancer cells mutate rapidly and can develop resistance to chemical agents or radiation therapy. Besides, all types of cancer cells may not respond to the same therapy. Some cancer cells respond to one...
However, cancer treatments can pose several challenges, as therapies used to kill cancer cells are generally also toxic to normal cells. Moreover, cancer cells mutate rapidly and can develop resistance to chemical agents or radiation therapy. Besides, all types of cancer cells may not respond to the same therapy. Some cancer cells respond to one...
9.8K
02:56Treatment Resistant Cancers
3.7K
Cancer is the second leading cause of death in the United States. A cancer cell is genetically unstable and hence can mutate faster. They can also modify their microenvironment and escape immune surveillance. The difficulties in treating cancer are further compounded by the emergence of rapid resistance to anticancer drugs. The most common ways to attain resistance in cancer cells include alteration in drug transport and metabolism, modification of drug target, elevated DNA damage response, or...
3.7K
02:57Targeted Cancer Therapies
8.6K
The targeted cancer therapies, also known as “molecular targeted therapies,” take advantage of the molecular and genetic differences between the cancer cells and the normal cells. It needs a thorough understanding of the cancer cells to develop drugs that can target specific molecular aspects that drive the growth, progression, and spread of cancer cells without affecting the growth and survival of other normal cells in the body.
There are several types of targeted therapies against...
There are several types of targeted therapies against...
8.6K
01:28Chemotherapy-Induced Nausea and Vomiting: Neurokinin-1 Receptor Antagonists
511
Neurokinin 1 (NK1) receptors are distributed across the GI tract, vagal afferents, and key CNS regions including the central vomiting center and chemoreceptor trigger zone (CTZ) Chemotherapy agents stimulate enterochromaffin cells in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract to release large amounts of substance P (SP). SP is a neuropeptide released by specific sensory nerves in response to many different stressors, including those in the GI mucosa affected by chemotherapy. SP binds and activates...
511