在当前硬件上实施量子秘密共享
Jay Graves1,2,3, Mike Nelson3, Eric Chitambar3
1Department of Physics, Morehouse College, Atlanta, GA 30314, USA.
Entropy (Basel, Switzerland)
|October 28, 2025
概括
这项研究在真实量子硬件上测试了量子秘密共享. 某些方案表现相似,在重建量子秘密方面取得了70-75%的成功率.
科学领域:
- 量子信息科学 量子信息科学
- 量子密码学 量子密码学
- 量子计算硬件 量子计算硬件
背景情况:
- 量子秘密共享 (QSS) 对于安全的量子信息存储至关重要.
- 理论上的QSS已经发展良好,但实际的设备性能尚未得到充分探索.
- 对于QSS计划的现实世界实施挑战还不太清楚.
研究的目的:
- 提供QSS编码和解码电路的教学描述.
- 在IBM的127量子比特布里斯班量子处理器上测试各种QSS代码的性能.
- 通过SWAP测试和纠忠实度来评估QSS实施质量.
主要方法:
- 在超导量子处理器上实现并测试了不同的量子秘密共享代码.
- 利用SWAP测试来比较重建的量子状态与理想状态的忠实性.
- 评估纠忠实度,以量化QSS代码如何保持量子相关性.
- 使用中电路测量与延迟电路测量进行比较的方案.
主要成果:
- 一个 ((3,5)) 门和一个7量子比特非门方案显示了可比性能.
- 这两个成功的方案都在重建秘密的SWAP测试中取得了70-75%的合格率.
- A ((2,3)) qutrit值方案表现不佳,原因是多量子比特门复杂度增加.
- 研究了中间电路和延迟电路测量策略之间的性能差异.
结论:
- 量子秘密共享方案可以在当前的量子硬件上实现,成功率中等.
- 编码/解码电路的复杂性显著影响杂量子设备上的QSS性能.
- 需要进一步的研究来优化QSS协议,以便用于实际的量子计算应用.
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