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肠道微生物群,轻度认知障碍和痴呆症:系统性审查

Claudio Tana¹, Samanta Moffa², Marco Tana³

¹Internal Medicine Unit, Eastern Hospital, ASL Taranto, 74121 Taranto, Italy.

Neurology international

|October 28, 2025

概括

以减少有益细菌和增加有害细菌为特征的肠道失生症与认知衰退和神经退行有关. 通过饮食和益生菌对微生物群的调节显示出对痴呆症预防和管理的希望.

科学领域:

神经科学是一个神经科学.
微生物学微生物学
胃肠病学胃肠病学

背景情况:

肠道微生物群的变化越来越多地通过炎症和肠-大脑轴的破坏与痴呆病原发生有关.
支持这种联系的临床证据仍然分散,需要进一步调查.
系统性炎症,免疫失调和肠-大脑轴干扰是主要提出的机制.

研究的目的:

在轻度认知障碍 (MCI) 和阿尔茨海默氏症痴呆症 (AD) 中描述肠道微生物群概况.
探索肠道微生物群和神经退行之间的机制关联.
评估针对微生物群的干预措施对认知结果的影响.

主要方法:

按照PRISMA 2020指南进行系统审查.
在PubMed/Medline搜索到2025年5月.
包括随机对照试验 (RCT),队列和病例对照研究在MCI或AD患者的微生物群.

主要成果:

包括21项研究 (1项RCT,20项观察性).
患有MCI和AD的患者显示,短链脂肪酸产生细菌减少,并增加了亲炎症类型,微生物多样性减少.
特定种类与粉样蛋白负担,海马缩和认知衰退有关;益生菌补充剂对炎症标志物显示出潜在的益处.

结论:

肠道功能障碍与认知障碍和神经退行症标志物密切相关.
通过饮食和益生菌调节微生物群是预防和管理痴呆症的一个有希望的策略.
需要进一步的强大的纵向和干预研究来确认因果关系和疗效.

关键词:

阿尔茨海默氏症是阿尔茨海默氏症的一种疾病.痴呆症痴呆症是一种痴呆症.肠-大脑轴肠-大脑轴这是一种炎症炎症炎症炎症.我们的微生物群.轻度的认知障碍轻度的认知障碍益生菌是一种益生菌.

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