游泳:游泳者的动力学和神经肌肉特征5公里游泳
Ana Conceição1,2, Daniel Marinho2,3, Jan Stastny4
1Department of Sport Sciences, Sport Sciences School of Rio Maior, Polytechnic Institute of Santarém, 2040-413 Santarém, Portugal.
Sports (Basel, Switzerland)
|October 28, 2025
概括
开放水域游泳者在冲击长度和指数上表现出显著的变化,在5000米比赛结束时,冲击率增加. 肌肉激活有所不同,前半角肌在恢复阶段活跃,三肌在水下阶段活跃.
科学领域:
- 运动科学 运动科学 运动科学
- 生物力学 生物力学
- 运动生理学 运动生理学
背景情况:
- 与游泳池游泳相比,露水游泳 (OWS) 带来了独特的生物力学挑战.
- 了解运动参数和肌肉激活模式对于优化OWS的性能和预防损伤至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 分析游泳者在5000米最大强度OWS比赛中的运动参数 (冲击率,速度,冲击长度,冲击指数).
- 在OWS中风的水下和恢复阶段调查关键上肢肌肉的肌肉活动 (肌电图).
主要方法:
- 九名男子游泳者在湖中完成了5000米最大强度的OWS测试.
- 计算了动力学数据,包括冲击率 (SR),游泳速度 (v),冲击长度 (SL) 和冲击指数 (SI).
- 表面电肌图 (EMG) 用于记录七个肌肉的活动:上梯形肌 (UT),背肌 (LD),大胸肌 (PM),后肌 (PD),前肌 (AD),三肌 (TB) 和双臂肌 (BB).
主要成果:
- 冲击长度 (SL) 和冲击指数 (SI) 在整个比赛距离中显示出显著的变化.
- 冲击率 (SR) 增加,特别是在最后的1000米.
- 在恢复阶段,前半角骨 (AD) 呈现出更高的激活,而三腕 (TB) 和背骨 (LD) 在水下推进阶段更活跃. 从比赛开始到比赛结束,观察到AD,结核病和LD的显著差异.
结论:
- 像SL和SI这样的动力学参数在长时间的OWS工作中适应.
- 显而易见的是特定的肌肉招募模式,在恢复中占主导地位的AD,在推进中占主导地位的TB/LD.
- 这些发现提供了对开放水域游泳的神经肌肉需求的见解,为训练策略提供了信息.
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