一种自然语言处理方法,用于识别产妇护理电子健康记录中的负面患者描述符
Azade Tabaie1,2, Angela D Thomas3,4, Emily K Mutondo3
1Center for Biostatistics, Informatics, and Data Science, MedStar Health Research Institute, Columbia, Maryland, United States.
Applied clinical informatics
|October 28, 2025
概括
电子健康记录 (EHR) 中的消极患者描述符对黑人女性的记录是不成比例的,这表明在孕产妇护理中存在潜在的隐性偏见. 解决这种偏见的语言对于改善健康公平至关重要.
科学领域:
- 医疗保健服务研究 医疗服务研究
- 医疗信息学 医疗信息学
- 健康 公平 卫生 公平
背景情况:
- 孕产妇伤害是一个关键的医疗保健问题,特别影响黑人妇女.
- 电子健康记录 (EHR) 中的非结构化临床笔记可能包含有关不安全的孕产妇护理的信息.
- 自然语言处理 (NLP) 的研究表明,笔记情绪与可预防的安全事件相关.
研究的目的:
- 调查EHR临床笔记中的消极患者描述符与母亲不良结果之间的关联.
- 分析消极患者描述符的使用人口统计学变化.
主要方法:
- 在华盛顿特区,对2016年1月至2020年3月期间分娩的妇女进行了回顾性队列研究.
- 利用NLP和预定义的关键词列表来识别临床笔记中带有负面描述符的句子.
- 主题专家手动审查和标记关键词;物流回归模型对库进行了分类.
- 根据种族,年龄,保险和怀孕结果评估描述符的流行率,计算调整后的几率比率.
主要成果:
- 在9302名患者中,444人有包含负面描述的笔记 (共719笔记).
- 在黑人患者 (70.5%) 的笔记中,相比于白人 (10.1%) 和其他 (19.4%) 种族群体,负面描述因素明显更为普遍.
- 这些描述因素在年轻患者和拥有公共保险 (医疗保险/医疗补助) 的患者中更为常见.
- 患有不良结局 (产后再入院,严重的孕产妇发病率) 的患者对负面描述物的调整几率更高.
- 黑人患者和那些有公共保险的患者显示,记录负面描述者的可能性更高.
结论:
- 对黑人患者和那些有公共保险的人来说,负面的患者描述符的记录不成比例,这表明临床文档中隐含的偏见.
- 在EHR中解决偏见的语言对于减轻差异和促进孕产妇护理中的健康公平至关重要.
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