基于人工智能算法的不平衡采矿灾害风险水平预测的比较研究.
Zhang Bin1,2, Feng Qian1,2, Li Moxiao3,4
1School of Safety Science and Emergency Management, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China.
Scientific reports
|October 29, 2025
概括
预测采矿灾难风险对于智能采矿至关重要. 深森林算法在预测各种采矿稳定水平方面实现了高准确性 (高达96.77%),提高了安全操作.
科学领域:
- 地质科学和采矿工程 采矿工程
- 人工智能和机器学习
背景情况:
- 精确预测采矿灾害风险对于智能采矿系统至关重要.
- 现有的方法经常与数据异常值和类不平衡作斗争,影响预测准确度.
- 预测模型的可解释性对于矿山安全的信任和实际应用至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 开发和评估一个强大的机器学习框架,用于预测多个采矿灾害风险水平.
- 通过可解释的AI技术,确定最佳的评估指标并提高模型的解释性.
- 为了应对数据预处理挑战,如矿业灾害预测中的异常值和不平衡数据集.
主要方法:
- 利用了五个常见的采矿灾难数据集.
- 应用的相关系数和特征对指标选择的重要性.
- 为了模型的可解释性,使用了沙普利增量解释 (SHAP).
- 实施Mahalanobis距离歧视方法和合成少数群体过量采样技术 (Tomek链接) 用于数据预处理.
- 比较支持向量机,随机森林,极端梯度提升,1D卷积神经网络和深森林算法.
主要成果:
- 深森林算法在所有五个数据集中都表现出卓越的性能.
- 实现了高预测准确度:92.31% (高峰稳定性),96.77% (斜坡稳定性),92.50% (岩石爆发强度),91.67% (支柱稳定性) 和95.00% (悬壁稳定性).
- 数据预处理技术有效处理异常值和不平衡数据,提高模型的稳定性.
结论:
- 深森林算法为采矿灾难分类提供了强大而可通用的解决方案.
- 提出的系统方法为智能采矿和安全提供了技术支持和科学基础.
- 通过SHAP值来提高可解释性,有助于理解灾害预测驱动因素.
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