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中古时代的犀牛类通过北大西洋扩散

Danielle Fraser^1,2,3,4, Natalia Rybczynski^5,6,7, Marisa Gilbert⁵

¹Palaeobiology, Canadian Museum of Nature, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada. Dfraser@nature.ca.

Nature ecology & evolution

|October 29, 2025

概括

北大西洋陆桥促进了哺乳动物在大陆之间分散的时间比以前想象的要长2000万年,挑战了早期的纪脊椎动物运动时间表.

科学领域:

古生物学的古生物学
生物地理学生物地理学
进化生物学进化生物学

背景情况:

北大西洋陆桥 (NALB) 连接了欧洲和北美,对于高度的分散至关重要,特别是在像旧生代-新生代热极限这样的温暖时期.
以前的共识是,基于动物的比较,陆地脊椎动物通过NALB的散布在伊纪早期之后就停止了.

研究的目的:

描述一个来自加拿大高北极的新早期米奥森犀牛类物种.
为犀牛类动物提出新的遗传学假设.
重新评估陆地脊椎动物在NALB的时间线和扩散范围.

主要方法:

一个新的化石物种的描述,Epiaceratherium itjilik sp. 基于形态特征的新型.
rhinocerotids 的遗传学分析.
全球范围的生物地理分析以推断分散事件.

主要成果:

发现了Epiaceratherium itjilik sp. 的发现在加拿大高北极地区,具有明显的牙和骨特征.
生物地理分析表明,欧洲和北美之间有大量的Oligo-Miocene分散,这与早期的Eocene切断相矛盾.
有证据表明,NALB的哺乳动物可以穿越至少2000万年,比以前认为的时间更长.

结论:

NALB作为陆地动物的持续高度走廊,比以前理解的要晚得多.
伊纪的季节性冰形成可能促进了哺乳动物在狭窄的浅水道沿着NALB的移动.
北极在哺乳动物进化中发挥了关键作用,通过北大西洋陆桥连接不同的动物.

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