数字时代的法医牙科:对当前方法和新兴趋势的叙述性审查
Carmen Corina Radu1,2,3, Timur Hogea1,2, Cosmin Carașca1,2
1Department of Forensic Medicine, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science, and Technology of Targu Mures, 38 Gheorghe Marinescu Street, 540139 Targu Mures, Romania.
Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland)
|October 29, 2025
概括
法医牙科正在推进数字工具,如形光束计算机断层扫描 (CBCT) 和人工智能 (AI) 用于人类识别. 这些技术提高了准确性,但需要标准化和验证医疗法律使用.
科学领域:
- 法医牙科 法医牙科
- 数字成像技术的数字成像.
- 人工智能的人工智能
背景情况:
- 法医牙科确定对于人类识别,年龄估计和创伤分析至关重要.
- 传统方法面临主观性,人口变异性和退化的遗骸方面的局限性.
- 新兴的数字技术提供了更高的准确性和与法医证据的整合.
研究的目的:
- 审查和综合传统和新兴的法医牙科学方法.
- 批判性地评估这些方法的优点和局限性.
- 确定需要进一步验证的领域,用于医学法律应用.
主要方法:
- 在主要数据库 (PubMed,Scopus,Web of Science,Google Scholar) 进行结构化的文献搜索,从2015-2025年开始.
- 关键词包括法医牙科,牙科识别,CBCT,3D扫描,口内成像和AI.
- 分析了81篇符合资格标准的同行评审文章.
主要成果:
- 数字方法 (CBCT,3D扫描,口内成像) 显示出比传统技术更好的诊断一致性.
- 人工智能工具展示了客观和高效的年龄/性别估计和咬伤痕迹分析的潜力.
- 挑战包括方法变化,有限的数据多样性,伦理问题和法律可接受性.
结论:
- 数字和人工智能方法应该增强,而不是取代法医牙医的专业知识.
- 跨不同人群的标准化和验证对于全球可靠性至关重要.
- 伦理考虑和支持性的法律框架是医学法律接受所必需的.
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