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药物诱导的表观遗传变化:一组法医毒理学指纹? - - 一个系统性审查

Simone Grassi^1,2, Andrea Costantino², Alexandra Dimitrova¹

¹FT-LAB Forensic Toxicology Laboratory, Department of Health Science, University of Florence, 50121 Florence, Italy.

|October 29, 2025

概括

精神活性物质的使用会导致特定的表观遗传变化,如DNA甲基化变化,这可能作为毒理指纹. 然而,法医使用目前受到混因素的限制,需要进一步的标准化研究来验证.

科学领域:

表观遗传学和分子毒理学
法医科学和生物标志物

背景情况:

表观遗传学涉及遗传的基因表达变化,而不会改变DNA序列.
环境因素,包括精神活性物质,影响表观遗传机制,如DNA甲基化,基因质修饰和非编码RNA.
药物诱导的表观遗传变化被假设为具有法医相关性的潜在分子标记.

研究的目的:

系统地审查药物诱导人类表观遗传变化的证据.
评估这些表观遗传修饰的潜力,作为用于法医应用的毒理指纹.

主要方法:

按照PRISMA指南进行系统的文献搜索 (PubMed,2010-2025).
包括以英语出版的人体样本研究.
排除动物研究和缺乏表观遗传数据的动物研究.

主要成果:

42项研究证实,常见的物质 (酒精,可卡因,甲基胺,大麻,阿片类药物) 诱导特定的表观遗传变化.
观察到的修改包括改变的CpG甲基化,miRNA表达变异和调制的表观遗传酶.
这些持续变化在脑组织,血细胞和精液中被检测到,即使在药物停止后也是如此.

结论:

精神活性物质的使用被证明与特定的表观遗传修饰有关.
法医应用目前受到混变量 (年龄,共同暴露,死后间隔) 的限制.
标准化研究对于验证表观遗传变化作为可靠的法医生物标志物至关重要.

关键词:

通过DNA甲基化.生物标志物生物标志物滥用药物滥用药物滥用药物滥用药物滥用药物表观遗传学是指表观遗传学.法医毒理学法医毒理学基斯顿基因基因基因基因基因基因基因基因基因基因基因基因基因基因这是一个小RNARNA.精神活性物质是一种精神活性物质.

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