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相关概念视频

Language and Cognition01:27

Language and Cognition

704
Language serves as a bridge between ideas and communication, influencing how individuals perceive and interact with the world. Psychologists have long debated whether language shapes thought or vice versa. This discussion gained grip with Edward Sapir and Benjamin Lee Whorf in the 1940s, who proposed that language determines thought, a concept known as linguistic determinism. They suggested that the vocabulary and structure of a language influence how its speakers think and perceive reality.
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Higher Mental Functions of the Brain: Language01:10

Higher Mental Functions of the Brain: Language

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Language is a system of communication that allows the expression of thoughts, ideas, and feelings. The brain processes language in both hemispheres.
Language formation and comprehension take place in the dominant hemisphere. The dominant hemisphere is responsible for understanding the meaning of spoken, written, or sign language, as well as the ability to communicate. For most people, the left hemisphere is the dominant one. The right hemisphere, then, gives tone and emotional context to the...
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Language Development01:22

Language Development

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Children master language quickly and with relative ease, supported by both biological predisposition and reinforcement. B. F. Skinner (1957) proposed that language is learned through reinforcement, while Noam Chomsky (1965) argued that language acquisition mechanisms are biologically determined.
The critical period for language acquisition suggests that the ability to acquire language is at its peak early in life. As people age, this proficiency decreases. Language development begins very...
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Components of Language01:24

Components of Language

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Language, whether spoken, signed, or written, consists of specific components: lexicon and grammar. The lexicon is the vocabulary of a language, comprising its words. Grammar is the set of rules used to convey meaning through the lexicon. For example, English grammar adds “-ed” to most verbs to indicate past tense. Words are formed by combining phonemes, which are the basic sound units of a language. Different languages have different sets of phonemes (e.g., “ah” vs.
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Learning Disabilities01:25

Learning Disabilities

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Learning disabilities are cognitive disorders caused by neurological impairments that affect cognitive functions like language and reading, without indicating overall intellectual or developmental challenges. These disabilities differ from global intellectual or developmental disabilities as they are limited to distinct cognitive functions. Common learning disabilities include dysgraphia, dyslexia, and dyscalculia, each of which impacts unique aspects of learning.
Dyslexia
Dyslexia is a...
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Multi-input and Multi-variable systems01:22

Multi-input and Multi-variable systems

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Cruise control systems in cars are designed as multi-input systems to maintain a driver's desired speed while compensating for external disturbances such as changes in terrain. The block diagram for a cruise control system typically includes two main inputs: the desired speed set by the driver and any external disturbances, such as the incline of the road. By adjusting the engine throttle, the system maintains the vehicle's speed as close to the desired value as possible.
In the absence of...
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相关实验视频

Updated: Jan 13, 2026

Decomposing the Variance in Reading Comprehension to Reveal the Unique and Common Effects of Language and Decoding
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多变量解码和漂移扩散建模揭示了三语理解中的自适应控制.

Yuanbo Wang1,2, Yingfang Meng1, Qiuyue Yang3

  • 1School of Psychology, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350117, China.

Brain sciences
|October 29, 2025
PubMed
概括
此摘要是机器生成的。

在理解过程中,三语言语言切换依赖于主动控制,而不是反应性控制. 这种主动策略取决于上下文,提高了高冲突语言对的处理效率.

关键词:
漂移-扩散建模的模拟.双语语境中的双语语境.与事件相关的潜力.语言理解语言理解.三语言主义是三语言主义.

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Using the Visual World Paradigm to Study Sentence Comprehension in Mandarin-Speaking Children with Autism

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相关实验视频

Last Updated: Jan 13, 2026

Decomposing the Variance in Reading Comprehension to Reveal the Unique and Common Effects of Language and Decoding
06:33

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Examining Bilingual Language Control Using the Stroop Task
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科学领域:

  • 心理语言学 心理语言学
  • 认知神经科学 认知神经科学
  • 双语研究 双语研究

背景情况:

  • 适应性控制假设表明,在生产中对语言控制的需求有所不同,但其在理解中的作用仍然不清楚.
  • 三语者管理多种语言环境 (L1-L2,L2-L3,L1-L3),提供了一个独特的模型来研究控制需求.
  • 研究三语理解中的差异性控制需求对于理解语言处理至关重要.

研究的目的:

  • 调查在不同双语环境中的听觉理解过程中,三语者对主动和反应性控制需求的研究.
  • 确定语言切换机制在理解方面是否不同于在生产中的机制.
  • 探索三语语言切换中的上下文依赖控制的神经基础.

主要方法:

  • 三十六个维吾尔语-中文-英语三语者执行了一项听觉文字图像匹配任务.
  • 使用了EEG记录与行为分析,漂移扩散建模,ERP分析和MVPA相结合.
  • 实验设计操纵了语言上下文,试验类型 (切换与重复) 和切换方向.

主要成果:

  • 行为表现在不同环境中是可比的,但漂移-扩散建模显示了特定环境的处理效率.
  • 在L1-L2背景下,由于证据积累速度较慢,理解效率较低.
  • 在L1-L3背景下观察到主动控制 (指数为P300/N400),而反应性控制成本则不存在.

结论:

  • 三国语言的语言切换在理解上不同于生产,反应性控制是不必要的.
  • 主动控制是取决于环境的,在高冲突的L1-L3环境中出现.
  • 这种主动策略通过将注意力转向较弱语言 (L3) 来提高理解效率.