线粒体RNA的转录,成熟和降解:对天生的免疫反应的影响
Chaojun Yan1, Jianglong Yu2, Hao Lyu1
1National "111" Center for Cellular Regulation and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Key Laboratory of Fermentation Engineering (Ministry of Education), Cooperative Innovation Center of Industrial Fermentation (Ministry of Education & Hubei Province), Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan 430068, China.
Biomolecules
|October 29, 2025
概括
线粒体RNA (mtRNA) 的积累会触发天生的免疫力. 异常的线粒体双链RNA (mt-dsRNA) 作为损伤相关分子模式 (DAMP),在自身免疫性疾病和病毒感染等疾病中驱动炎症.
科学领域:
- 线粒体生物学 线粒体生物学
- 这是天生的免疫力.
- 炎症的分子机制.
背景情况:
- 线粒体在细胞过程中发挥关键作用,包括先天免疫调节.
- 线粒体核酸,如线粒体RNA (mtRNA),可以作为损伤相关分子模式 (DAMPs).
- 异常积累mtRNA与免疫激活有关.
研究的目的:
- 综合目前对线粒体RNA (mtRNA) 生物学及其与免疫激活的联系的理解.
- 探索mtRNA的起源,代谢和降解.
- 审查mtRNA在疾病病理学中的作用.
主要方法:
- 关于线粒体RNA生物学和先天免疫力的当前文献的综述.
- 专注于mtRNA代谢,包括转录,成熟和降解.
- 讨论像PNPT1这样的调节因素和疾病影响.
主要成果:
- mtRNA代谢的失调导致线粒体双链RNA (mt-dsRNA) 的积累.
- mt-dsRNA可以逃离线粒体进入细胞质中,作为DAMP触发免疫反应.
- 像PNPT1这样的关键因素调节mt-dsRNA水平,以防止不适当的免疫激活.
结论:
- 异常的mtRNA积累,特别是mt-dsRNA,是炎症的重要驱动因素.
- 由mt-dsRNA驱动的炎症与自身免疫性疾病,细胞衰老和病毒感染有关.
- 需要进一步的研究来了解mt-dsRNA释放机制.
相关概念视频
01:53RNA Stability
35.6K
Intact DNA strands can be found in fossils, while scientists sometimes struggle to keep RNA intact under laboratory conditions. The structural variations between RNA and DNA underlie the differences in their stability and longevity. Because DNA is double-stranded, it is inherently more stable. The single-stranded structure of RNA is less stable but also more flexible and can form weak internal bonds. Additionally, most RNAs in the cell are relatively short, while DNA can be up to 250 million...
35.6K
02:51mRNA Stability and Gene Expression
6.5K
The structure and stability of mRNA molecules regulates gene expression, as mRNAs are a key step in the pathway from gene to protein. In eukaryotes, the half-life of mRNA varies from a few minutes up to several days. mRNA stability is essential in growth and development. The absence of the proteins regulating its stability, such as tristetraprolin in mice, can cause systemic issues, including bone marrow overgrowth, inflammation, and autoimmunity.
Cis-acting Elements involved in mRNA stability
Cis-acting Elements involved in mRNA stability
6.5K
02:51mRNA Stability and Gene Expression
3.4K
3.4K
01:29Translational Regulation
523
Translational regulation in prokaryotes ensures efficient protein synthesis by controlling ribosome access to mRNA. This regulation is mediated by secondary RNA structures, including translational riboswitches, RNA thermometers, and small RNAs (sRNAs), which respond to intracellular and environmental signals to modulate gene expression.Translational RiboswitchesRiboswitches in the leader region of mRNAs can regulate translation by altering the accessibility of the Shine-Dalgarno (SD) sequence,...
523
01:23Regulation of Expression at Multiple Steps
1.3K
The gene expression in cells is regulated at different stages: (i) transcription, (ii) RNA processing, (iii) RNA localization, and (iv) translation. Transcriptional regulation is mediated by regulatory proteins such as transcription factors, activators, or repressors—these control gene expression by initiating or inhibiting the transcription of genes. Once a precursor or pre-mRNA is produced, it undergoes post-transcriptional modification, including 5' capping, splicing, and the...
1.3K
01:22MicroRNAs
23.9K
MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns—non-coding regions of a gene—or intergenic regions—stretches of DNA present between genes. Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After...
23.9K