耐受性强但又富有成效:玉米可以在压力和最佳条件下壮成长
Reshmi Rani Das1, Madhumal Thayil Vinayan1, Kaliyamoorthy Seetharam1
1Asia Maize Program, International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), Hyderabad, India.
Frontiers in plant science
|October 29, 2025
概括
对亚洲热带地区来说,开发适应气候变化的玉米杂交品种至关重要. 这项研究确定了精英杂交物种,在干旱和淹水的情况下保持稳定的产量,确保粮食安全.
科学领域:
- 农业科学 农业科学
- 植物育种 植物育种
- 适应气候变化 适应气候变化
背景情况:
- 亚洲热带地区的玉米面临着巨大的产量损失,原因是不稳定的季风雨导致干旱和水淹没.
- 干旱和淹水等非生物压力威胁到雨水玉米的种植和产量稳定性.
- 高基因型与环境相互作用 (GEI) 效应进一步复杂化了对压力耐受性的育种努力.
研究的目的:
- 为了评估61种先进的玉米杂交品种,这些杂交品种是在可变的湿度条件下开发出稳定的谷物产量.
- 为了确定在最佳条件下表现良好,在干旱或水淹压压力下表现出色的混合物.
- 为脆弱地区支持发展气候适应性玉米品种.
主要方法:
- 在南亚和东南亚的19个地点进行了多环境试验 (MET).
- 在四种湿度模式下测试混合物:最佳,雨水/随机压力,繁殖阶段干旱和植物阶段浸水.
- 采用分层排名方法来选择优秀的混合动力对商业检查.
主要成果:
- 几种精英玉米杂交品种表现出广泛或特定的适应应对容易受到压力的环境.
- 在最佳条件下匹配或超过商业检查的鉴定混合物.
- 在至少一个特定的压力环境下,所选择的杂交品在检查中表现出色,这表明它们具有弹性.
结论:
- 有针对性的育种策略和以MET为基础的选择对于开发耐压力玉米至关重要.
- 已识别的精英混合物为气候脆弱的农业生态提供了潜在的解决方案.
- 这些进步有助于粮食安全,农民生计和可持续的作物系统.
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