由Akkermansia muciniphila的殖民化以一种生态上下文依赖的方式调节中枢神经系统的自身免疫力
Daniel Peipert1, Theresa L Montgomery1, Lucinda C Toppen2
1Department of Biomedical and Health Sciences, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, United States.
Frontiers in immunology
|October 29, 2025
概括
肠道细菌Akermansia muciniphila (A. muciniphila) 可以使多发性硬化症 (MS) 的严重程度恶化,但仅在特定的肠道微生物组环境中. 这种恶化与减少短链脂肪酸 (SCFA) 生产有关.
科学领域:
- 神经免疫学 神经免疫学
- 微生物组研究 微生物组研究
- 自免疫性疾病 自免疫性疾病
背景情况:
- 多发性硬化症 (MS) 涉及中枢神经系统的自身免疫性,肠道细菌Akermansia muciniphila (A. muciniphila) 显示出多种关联.
- 增加的A. muciniphila与MS风险有关,但矛盾的是,它也可能与MS患者的残疾减少有关.
- 实验模型的相互矛盾的结果表明,A. muciniphila对中枢神经系统自身免疫力的影响取决于背景.
研究的目的:
- 调查A. muciniphila对中枢神经系统自身免疫的情境依赖性影响.
- 确定A. muciniphila如何影响不同肠道微生物组环境中的神经结果和免疫反应.
- 探索短链脂肪酸 (SCFA) 在调解A. muciniphila对实验性自身免疫脑膜炎 (EAE) 的影响中的作用.
主要方法:
- 产生了两个不同的小鼠微生物组模型:一个被A. muciniphila殖民,一个没有A. muciniphila.
- 评估EAE严重程度,免疫细胞透 (流细胞计),肠道微生物组合 (16S测序) 和SCFA产生 (质谱).
- 用高纤维的饮食干预来调节SCFA的产生和评估功能后果.
主要成果:
- A. muciniphila 特别在与 Th17 反应增加和中枢神经系统免疫细胞透相关的微生物组环境中加剧了 EAE 严重程度.
- 在这种情况下,A. muciniphila的殖民减少了SCFA产生的Clostridia的丰富性,导致SCFA水平下降.
- 富含纤维的饮食在敏感微生物组环境中抑制了EAE,突出显示了SCFA代谢的作用.
结论:
- A. muciniphila对中枢神经系统自身免疫的影响严重依赖宿主的肠道微生物组合.
- 在多发性硬化症的背景下,A. muciniphila 可能会导致肠道SCFA代谢减少.
- 向SCFA生产为调节A. muciniphila在MS中的作用提供了潜在的治疗途径.
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