塑料废物的有毒威胁:对人类健康的影响,挑战和政策解决方案
Abdulaziz A M Abahussain1, Fahd A Nasr2, Abdulrahman Bin Jumah1
1Chemical Engineering Department, College of Engineering, King Saud University P.O. Box 800 Riyadh 11421 Saudi Arabia.
RSC advances
|October 29, 2025
概括
塑料污染是一个全球性的危机,在生态系统中释放有毒化学物质并损害公共健康. 创新的回收和政策干预对于减轻这些环境和健康风险至关重要.
科学领域:
- 环境科学 环境科学
- 公共卫生 公共卫生
- 化学工程是化学工程的重要组成部分.
背景情况:
- 塑料污染对环境可持续性和人类健康构成重大威胁,每年有数十亿进入生态系统.
- 塑料的降解释放出危险的化合物,如双甲 (BPA),二氧化物和重金属,与包括癌症和内分泌干扰在内的严重健康问题有关.
- 废物管理效率低下,特别是在低至中等收入国家 (LMICs),加剧了暴露风险,特别是在撒哈拉以南非洲.
研究的目的:
- 突出塑料污染日益严重的全球危机及其对生态系统和公共卫生的多方面的影响.
- 在全球范围内审查塑料废物管理和回收利用当前的挑战.
- 探索新兴的技术解决方案和政策干预措施,以有效控制塑料污染.
主要方法:
- 分析各种生态系统中污染物度 (BPA,二氧化,甲酸盐,重金属) 的环境数据.
- 评估全球塑料废物产生,回收率和废物处理基础设施.
- 审查新兴的回收技术 (化学,酶) 和政策框架 (一次性塑料限制,EPR).
主要成果:
- 淡水和废物场所附近的污染物水平超过了世卫组织的安全门,这表明环境受到严重污染.
- 全球回收率仍然非常低 (<10%),焚烧和填埋是主要的处置方法,释放更多的毒素.
- 先进的回收技术显示出高回收/分解效率 (PET高达97%,酶性90%),但面临着可扩展性的挑战.
- 德国,日本和卢旺达等国家的政策干预措施导致塑料垃圾大幅减少,回收率增加 (>41%).
结论:
- 解决塑料污染问题需要一个多方面的战略,包括严格的法规,投资于可扩展的回收基础设施,并促进可持续的替代品.
- 技术进步和有效的治理是减轻与塑料垃圾相关的环境和公共卫生风险的关键.
- 国际合作和针对LMICs的定制方法对于全球塑料污染控制至关重要.
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