3D,

Anna Christina Clements1, Felix E Fernández-Penny2, Michael Bindschadler3

  • 1Department of Otolaryngology - Head & Neck Surgery, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA.

The Laryngoscope
|October 29, 2025
PubMed
概括

像手术时间和解剖接触等客观指标可以评估灵活鼻喉镜 (FNL) 熟练程度. 经验丰富的学员表现更好,这表明模拟培训训练有更好的表现.