什么时候共享成本过高? 幼儿中的同龄人存在和资源获取
The Journal of genetic psychology
|October 29, 2025
概括
年轻的孩子分享基于同龄人的亲密关系,而年长的孩子考虑课堂的归属和年龄. 资源获取方法和相对年龄相互作用,影响分享行为.
科学领域:
- 发展心理学 发展心理学
- 社会心理学 社会心理学
- 行为经济学是一种行为经济学.
背景情况:
- 了解影响利他主义行为的因素,如童年早期的高成本共享至关重要.
- 同行关系,相对年龄和资源获取方法是关键的上下文因素.
- 关于这些因素在中国学龄前儿童的相互作用存在有限的研究.
研究的目的:
- 调查同龄人的社会关系 (课堂归属,亲密),相对年龄和资源获取方法如何影响4至6岁的中国儿童的高成本共享.
- 识别与社会和上下文变量相关的分享行为的发展转变.
- 检查相对年龄和资源获取与共享之间的相互作用.
主要方法:
- 三个连续的实验涉及4至6岁的中国儿童 (总N=480).
- 实验1:评估了课堂归属感和亲密感对分享的影响.
- 实验2和3:研究了相对年龄的影响和资源获取方法与相对年龄的相互作用.
主要成果:
- 4至5岁的孩子与高度亲密的同龄人分享更多;5至6岁的孩子对同龄人的敏感性增加.
- 一岁大一岁的同龄人的存在显著增加了分享行为.
- 基于努力的资源获取减少了分享,但这种效应被老年同龄人的存在所缓解.
结论:
- 小孩子的分享行为从基于亲密关系的过渡到对社会背景 (教室,年龄) 敏感的过渡.
- 相对年龄和资源获取方法具有关键的相互作用,塑造了高成本共享.
- 研究结果突出了儿童早期对亲社会行为的发展变化和情境影响.
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