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相关概念视频

Variability: Analysis01:11

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Measures of variability are statistical metrics that reveal the dispersion pattern within a dataset. They are pivotal in biostatistics, providing insights into the heterogeneity within health and biological data. Variability signifies the degree to which data points diverge from one another, helping researchers understand the potential range of values and associated uncertainty within the data.
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Language serves as a bridge between ideas and communication, influencing how individuals perceive and interact with the world. Psychologists have long debated whether language shapes thought or vice versa. This discussion gained grip with Edward Sapir and Benjamin Lee Whorf in the 1940s, who proposed that language determines thought, a concept known as linguistic determinism. They suggested that the vocabulary and structure of a language influence how its speakers think and perceive reality.
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Brain lateralization refers to the division of mental processes and functions between the two hemispheres of the brain, a phenomenon that optimizes neural efficiency and underpins complex abilities in humans. This specialization allows each hemisphere to perform tasks where it has a comparative advantage, facilitating more refined cognitive capabilities across different domains.
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Author Spotlight: Validation of SICOLE-R for Assessing Cognitive and Reading Skills in Spanish-Speaking Children and Its Role in Personalized Education
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发育性语言障碍的西班牙语儿童的执行功能表现:统一性和可变性

Felipe Torres-Morales1,2,3, Gary Morgan4, María Antonia Reyes1

  • 1Departamento de Fonoaudiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago.

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概括

患有发育性语言障碍 (DLD) 的儿童与执行功能 (EF) 扎,特别是干扰控制和口头工作记忆. 然而,这些儿童的EF表现存在个体变化.

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科学领域:

  • 儿童心理学 儿童心理学
  • 神经发育障碍 神经发育障碍
  • 认知科学 认知科学

背景情况:

  • 发育性语言障碍 (DLD) 经常与执行功能 (EF) 障碍有关.
  • 在DLD中这些EF赤字的确切性质和模式仍然不完全理解.
  • 了解这些缺陷对于有针对性的干预至关重要.

研究的目的:

  • 调查与DLD的西班牙语儿童的具体执行功能 (EF) 档案.
  • 为了比较DLD儿童和典型发育 (TD) 同龄人之间的EF表现.
  • 为了确定哪些EF组件在DLD中受到影响最大.

主要方法:

  • 评估了干扰控制,响应抑制,口头和非口头工作记忆以及认知灵活性.
  • 包括171名6至8岁的儿童 (72人患有DLD,99人患有TD).
  • 在小组比较中对年龄和非语言推理进行控制.

主要成果:

  • 与TD同龄人相比,患有DLD的儿童在干扰控制,响应抑制和口头工作记忆方面表现明显较低.
  • 非语言工作记忆和认知灵活性在各组之间没有显著差异.
  • 干扰控制是受影响最大的EF,其次是口头工作记忆和响应抑制.

结论:

  • 患有DLD的西班牙语儿童表现出各种执行功能 (EF) 困难.
  • 在DLD组内观察到EF表现的显著个体差异.
  • 干扰控制和口头工作记忆缺陷是DLD中EF的关键特征.