发育性语言障碍的西班牙语儿童的执行功能表现:统一性和可变性
Felipe Torres-Morales1,2,3, Gary Morgan4, María Antonia Reyes1
1Departamento de Fonoaudiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago.
Journal of speech, language, and hearing research : JSLHR
|October 29, 2025
概括
患有发育性语言障碍 (DLD) 的儿童与执行功能 (EF) 扎,特别是干扰控制和口头工作记忆. 然而,这些儿童的EF表现存在个体变化.
科学领域:
- 儿童心理学 儿童心理学
- 神经发育障碍 神经发育障碍
- 认知科学 认知科学
背景情况:
- 发育性语言障碍 (DLD) 经常与执行功能 (EF) 障碍有关.
- 在DLD中这些EF赤字的确切性质和模式仍然不完全理解.
- 了解这些缺陷对于有针对性的干预至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 调查与DLD的西班牙语儿童的具体执行功能 (EF) 档案.
- 为了比较DLD儿童和典型发育 (TD) 同龄人之间的EF表现.
- 为了确定哪些EF组件在DLD中受到影响最大.
主要方法:
- 评估了干扰控制,响应抑制,口头和非口头工作记忆以及认知灵活性.
- 包括171名6至8岁的儿童 (72人患有DLD,99人患有TD).
- 在小组比较中对年龄和非语言推理进行控制.
主要成果:
- 与TD同龄人相比,患有DLD的儿童在干扰控制,响应抑制和口头工作记忆方面表现明显较低.
- 非语言工作记忆和认知灵活性在各组之间没有显著差异.
- 干扰控制是受影响最大的EF,其次是口头工作记忆和响应抑制.
结论:
- 患有DLD的西班牙语儿童表现出各种执行功能 (EF) 困难.
- 在DLD组内观察到EF表现的显著个体差异.
- 干扰控制和口头工作记忆缺陷是DLD中EF的关键特征.
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