奶牛的饮食模式,乳液发酵和微生物种群,在呼吸中表现出不同的甲与二氧化碳比率
R-Jun Frederick Gaspe1,2, Taketo Obitsu1, Shuhei Takizawa3
1Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, Japan.
Animal science journal = Nihon chikusan Gakkaiho
|October 30, 2025
概括
低甲 (CH4) 生产的奶牛有不同的饮食行为和小肠微生物群落. 较低的CH4:CO2比率与增加的夜间饮食和特定细菌有关,这表明与体重和饮食有关.
科学领域:
- 动物科学动物科学
- 类动物营养 类动物营养
- 环境科学 环境科学
背景情况:
- 甲 (CH4) 是一种强大的温室气体,在反动物的肠道发酵过程中产生.
- 了解影响CH4生产的因素对于减轻环境影响至关重要.
- 乳牛中CH4产量的变化需要研究相关的生理和微生物因素.
研究的目的:
- 为了研究甲 (CH4) 生产,饮食行为,乳头发酵和奶牛中的微生物种群之间的关系.
- 分析CH4与呼吸中的二氧化碳 (CO2) 比率的变化,作为CH4生产的指标.
- 确定影响CH4排放的宿主生理学,饮食和肠微生物组组成之间的潜在联系.
主要方法:
- 通过嗅探方法将18头正在哺乳的荷尔斯坦牛分为低 (LEm),中 (MEm) 和高 (HEm) CH4:CO2比率组.
- 监测每日干物质摄入量,牛奶产量,体重和饮食行为 (包括一天中的时间).
- 分析了类发酵参数 (挥发性脂肪酸的摩尔比例) 和确定了细菌群体 (乳酸盐和糖酸盐生产者).
主要成果:
- 与HEm组相比,LEm组的估计CH4产量明显低于HEm组.
- 两组之间没有观察到干物质摄入量或牛奶产量的显著差异.
- 莱姆小组的体重较低,夜间饮食时间较长,牛酸盐的含量较低,酸盐的比例较高,乳酸盐和糖酸盐生产细菌的患病率更高.
结论:
- 体重和吃饭时间,特别是在晚上,可能会影响奶牛呼吸中的CH4:CO2比率.
- 独特的小肠微生物群落,以更高的酸盐和特定的细菌群体为特征,与较低的CH4生产有关.
- 这些发现突出了宿主因素,饮食,肠微生物组和奶牛中的甲排放之间的复杂相互作用.
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