绘制有效和非凡的利他主义的道德架构
Kyle Fiore Law1, Stylianos Syropoulos1, Paige Amormino2
1Global Futures School of Sustainability, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA.
PNAS nexus
|October 30, 2025
概括
在有效的利他主义者 (EAs) 和非凡的利他主义者 (XAs) 中探索了支持公平和有效利他主义的道德价值观. 包括忠诚,而不仅仅是公正,促进公平和有效的利他主义.
科学领域:
- 心理学 心理学 心理学
- 伦理哲学道德哲学
- 行为经济学是一种行为经济学.
背景情况:
- 全球挑战需要公平有效的利他主义.
- 个人往往对附近的接受者表现出偏见,忽视了更广泛的影响.
- 了解公正和影响最大化的亲社会行为的道德基础至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 调查与公平有效的利他主义相关的道德价值观.
- 为了比较有效的利他主义者 (EAs),非凡的利他主义者 (XAs) 和一般人口样本之间的道德价值观.
- 检查道德扩张和忠诚在促进公正和影响最大化的利他主义中的作用.
主要方法:
- 对三个组进行比较研究:EA (N=119),XA (N=65) 和一般人群对照 (N=176).
- 使用的道德指标包括道德基础问卷,道德作为合作问卷 (MAC-Q),道德扩张度表 (MES) 和牛津功利主义度表 (OUS).
- 评估了参与者的公平,有效和结合的利他主义取向.
主要成果:
- EA和XA两组都表现出比对照组更高的道德扩张 (MES) 和公正的利益 (OUS).
- 与XA和控制相比,EA更强烈地支持实用主义原则,并不再强调传统的合作价值观 (例如,互惠)
- 家庭忠诚负面预测利他主义倾向,而群体忠诚正面预测所有群体的公平和有效利他主义.
结论:
- 道德宽广和公正的慈善是有效和非凡的利他主义的关键组成部分.
- 虽然EA优先考虑功利主义,但包容性的忠诚形式也可以培养公平有效的利他主义.
- 研究结果挑战了教区价值观本质上限制亲社会性的观点,这表明包容性忠诚可能是一个重要的动机.
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