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高脂肪和高糖饮食增加了肠道cDC1和口腔抗原特异性Tregs

K Fischer¹, O Horno^2,3, B Raposo¹

¹Immunophysiology Group, Champalimaud Centre for the Unknown, Champalimaud Research, Champalimaud Foundation, Lisbon, Portugal, fchampalimaud.org.

Journal of immunology research

|October 30, 2025

概括

高热量饮食增加了肠道中的特定免疫细胞 (cDC1),这与增强的食物耐受性相关. 这表明肠道免疫系统可以适应饮食变化,影响食物不耐受.

科学领域:

免疫学免疫学免疫学
胃肠病学胃肠病学
营养科学营养科学

背景情况:

饮食诱导的肥胖是一个重大的全球健康挑战,与免疫系统调节失调有关.
树突细胞 (DCs) 对于维持免疫平衡至关重要,平衡促炎和耐受性反应.
传统的1型DCs (cDC1) 通过影响调节性T细胞 (Treg) 发育,在口服耐受性中发挥作用,但它们在肥胖中的功能尚不清楚.

研究的目的:

研究高脂肪,高糖饮食 (HFHSD) 对肠道免疫系统和口服耐受性的影响.
确定肥胖如何影响肠道中的cDC1和Treg通路.
了解肠道免疫系统对饮食的反应中的可塑性.

主要方法:

随着时间的推移,对高热量饮食的反应中肠道免疫细胞组成的分析.
评估cDC1水平,肠道指导标记,共刺激分子和细胞因子.
在饮食诱导的肥胖模型中,在口服耐受性协议期间评估Treg生成.

主要成果:

肠道免疫组合因饮食和肠道区域而显著改变,无论饮食持续时间如何.
在高热量饮食的动物中,Lamina Propria显示cDC1水平增加.
在口服耐受性方案中,肠道cDC1增加与增强的Treg生成相关,而不会改变cDC1标志物或细胞因子.

结论:

高热量饮食增加肠道cDC1,这与Treg生成和口服耐受性有正相关.
肠道免疫系统在对饮食变化的反应中表现出显著的可塑性.
研究结果为与饮食相关的食物不耐受和免疫适应提供了见解.

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