产前压力和神经内分泌路径将注意力缺陷/多动障碍作为功能性神经发育障碍:叙述性综述
1Department of Physiology, Institute of Medical Science and College of Medicine, Jeju National University, Jeju, Korea.
Journal of Yeungnam medical science
|October 30, 2025
概括
产前母亲的压力和抑郁会影响胎儿的神经发育,可能导致注意力缺陷/多动障碍 (ADHD). 这篇评论探讨了母亲因素如何影响ADHD的因素.
科学领域:
- 神经发育障碍 神经发育障碍
- 环境对发展的影响.
- 母亲健康和胎儿的结果.
背景情况:
- 注意缺陷/多动障碍 (ADHD) 是一种常见的神经发育状况,具有重要的遗传因素.
- 越来越多的证据表明产前母亲的压力和抑郁症是ADHD的关键环境风险因素.
- 母体下丘脑-垂体-上腺 (HPA) 轴失调可能会影响胎儿神经内分泌系统的发育.
研究的目的:
- 审查和整合关于ADHD产前起源的流行病学,机械学和临床前发现.
- 提出一种机制框架,通过神经内分泌和多巴胺基通路将母亲的压力/抑郁症与ADHD联系起来.
- 突出母亲查和ADHD预防策略的潜在重要性.
主要方法:
- 综合有关ADHD风险因素的流行病学数据.
- 审查关于HPA轴功能和神经发育的机制研究.
- 从动物模型中分析临床前发现.
主要成果:
- 母亲的HPA轴激素 (皮质醇,CRH,ACTH) 可以穿过胎盘,改变胎儿的神经内分泌功能.
- 这些产前变化可能会扰乱多巴胺基信号传递,减少来自大脑的神经营养因子,并改变神经递质平衡.
- ADHD的特点是神经传递和电路动力学的功能缺陷,而不是结构异常.
结论:
- 怀孕期间的孕产妇压力和抑郁症可能通过特定的神经生物学途径导致ADHD的产前起源.
- 可以将ADHD视为一个功能上被破坏的,结构上被保存的神经发育状况.
- 母亲查和早期干预策略可能对预防ADHD至关重要.
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