异种粘膜疫苗增强通过不同的机制增强粘膜和全身免疫力
Cameron Bissett1, Lyn Yong2,3, Alexandra J Spencer2,4
1Department of Paediatrics, Oxford Vaccine Group, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
The Journal of experimental medicine
|October 30, 2025
概括
鼻内增强疫苗通过克服先前的免疫暴露来改善对呼吸道病毒的保护. 这种方法增强了T和B细胞免疫力,导致更好的病毒控制和新的抗体反应.
科学领域:
- 免疫学 免疫学 免疫学
- 疫苗学 疫苗学 疫苗学
- 病毒学 病毒学
背景情况:
- 季节性补充疫苗接种对于对抗流感和SARS-CoV-2等呼吸道病毒至关重要.
- 由于免疫印记,先前接触病毒菌株可能会限制新疫苗反应的有效性.
研究的目的:
- 在小鼠模型中,研究如何通过鼻内增强免疫可以克服免疫印记,以改善针对SARS-CoV-2菌株 (WT和Omicron) 的异性免疫接种.
- 评估内免疫与肌内免疫在诱导保护性免疫的有效性.
主要方法:
- 利用小鼠模型对WT和Omicron SARS-CoV-2菌株进行异质免疫.
- 对比鼻腔内和肌肉内增强免疫的策略.
- 评估了系统和粘膜T和B细胞免疫力,抗体反应和挑战后子的病毒控制.
主要成果:
- 与肌肉内免疫接种相比,鼻内增强免疫显示出更好的全身和粘膜T和B细胞免疫力.
- 鼻内Omicron增强免疫接种绕过了先前肌肉内祖先菌株疫苗接种的免疫印记.
- 这导致de novo肺B细胞和抗体对Omicron菌株的反应,并有效地招募交叉反应性记忆T细胞.
结论:
- 鼻内增强疫苗接种是一种有前途的策略,可以克服免疫印记并增强粘膜体对呼吸道病毒的免疫力.
- 粘膜疫苗需要进一步调查它们的潜力,以改善对像SARS-CoV-2这样不断发展的病毒威胁的保护.
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