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印度奥迪沙州的罗塔病毒的基因型多样性:疫苗接种后的变化

Prasantajyoti Mohanty¹, Pravakar Mishra², Subal Kumar Pradhan²

¹Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR) Regional Medical Research Centre, Bhubaneshwar, Odisha, India.

Indian journal of pediatrics

|October 30, 2025

概括

罗塔病毒疫苗显著减少了奥迪沙州5岁以下儿童的感染. 接种疫苗后,基因型G1P[8]下降,而G3P[8]和G2P[4]变得更常见,显示出不断演变的菌株动态.

科学领域:

* 公共卫生与流行病学
* 疫苗学疫苗学疫苗学
* 病毒学病毒学

背景情况:

* 轮状病毒是5岁以下儿童急性胃肠炎 (AGE) 的主要原因.
*印度在2016年和2018年将ROTAVAC®和ROTASIIL®疫苗引入其通用免疫计划中.
* 疫苗的引入旨在减少轮状病毒AGE的负担.

研究的目的:

*评估轮状病毒疫苗对奥迪沙州基因型分布和流行率的影响.
* 评估疫苗引入后轮状病毒流行病学的变化.

主要方法:

*在奥迪沙的三级中心对5岁以下的AGE儿童进行医院监测.
*通过酶免疫试验收集便样本并对轮状病毒抗原进行检测.
*使用逆转录-聚合酶链反应 (RT-PCR) 进行阳性样本的基因型定型.

主要成果:

* 轮状病毒阳性从60.2% (2014) 降至23.3% (2023),相对降低了61.3%.
*疫苗前时代的主导G1P[8]菌株在2018年后消失.
*G3P[8]成为主导菌株,G2P[4]重新出现,在2023年占病例的40.9%.

结论:

* 罗塔病毒疫苗接种减少了感染流行率和改变了奥迪沙州的基因型分布.
*G3P的出现[8]和G2P的复苏[4]突出了不断演变的菌株动态.
*持续监测对于优化未来的轮状病毒疫苗策略至关重要.

关键词:

剧烈的胃肠炎是一种急性胃肠炎.儿童年龄小于5岁基因型分布基因型分布奥迪沙州奥迪沙州疫苗接种前和后的时间.罗塔病毒 (Rotavirus) 是一种病毒.

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