在人类的 Habenula-ventral tegmental 区域功能合和风险厌恶
Wanjun Lin1,2, Jiahua Xu3, Xiaoying Zhang4
1Max Planck University College London Centre for Computational Psychiatry and Ageing Research, University College London, Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London WC1B 5EH, United Kingdom.
概括
寻求风险行为的个体差异,称为预差偏差 (PVB),与不对称的学习率有关. 这种偏见受到价值敏感大脑区域对预测错误的独特神经反应的影响.
科学领域:
- 神经科学是一个神经科学.
- 计算精神病学是一种计算精神病学.
- 决策科学 决策科学 决策科学
背景情况:
- 对不确定性的不适应反应,如过度寻求风险或避免风险,与各种精神障碍有关.
- 暂定偏差 (PVB) 是寻求风险的特定表现,其特点是偏好更高方差或不确定性的选项.
研究的目的:
- 为了研究计算和神经机制,以个人差异为基础的偏差偏差 (PVB).
- 为了确定非对称的学习率,区分正负预测错误,解释PVB的个体变化.
主要方法:
- 使用一个大小学习任务来评估PVB的个体差异.
- 利用计算建模来分析从正预测错误 (PPEs) 和负预测错误 (NPEs) 的学习率.
- 进行了高分辨率的7T功能磁共振成像 (fMRI) 来检查价值敏感区域的神经反应.
主要成果:
- 个人PVB的差异是由一个模型解释的,该模型包含了PPE和NPE的不对称学习率.
- 对PPE和NPE的明显神经反应在habenula (Hb),腹膜区域 (VTA),核 (NAcc) 和腹膜中间前额皮层 (vmPFC) 中被确定.
- 在NAcc和vmPFC中的预测错误信号被放大为高方差选项,NAcc中的NPE响应与学习率偏差和Hb-VTA功能合有关.
结论:
- 不对称的学习率,由预测错误的差异处理驱动,是风险偏好的个人差异的基础.
- 在NPE编码过程中,Hb和VTA之间的功能合在调节学习率偏差和随后的风险偏好方面发挥着至关重要的作用.
- 这些发现为风险偏好的神经基础提供了洞察力,并对理解与不确定性处理相关的精神病理产生了影响.
相关概念视频
01:30Diencephalon: Anatomical Regions
4.7K
The diencephalon, etymologically translated as 'through brain,' plays an integral role as the conduit between the cerebrum and the vast extent of the nervous system. However, the olfactory system is an exception, as it interfaces directly with the cerebrum. The diencephalon, deeply ensconced beneath the cerebrum, primarily consists of three paired structures — the thalamus, hypothalamus, and epithelamus. It also includes accessory structures such as the subthalamus, which houses the...
4.7K
01:15Functional Brain Systems: Limbic System
6.4K
The limbic system, often called the "emotional brain," is a complex set of structures located deep within the brain. The intricate network of the limbic system supports a wide range of psychological functions, from emotional regulation to memory formation and sensory processing. This functional brain region encompasses specific parts of the diencephalon and the cerebrum, integrating the higher mental functions of the cerebral cortex with the primitive emotional responses of the deep brain...
6.4K
01:26Neurochemical Transmission: Sites of Drug Action
3.4K
Neurochemical transmission, the conduction of electrical impulses between neurons mediated by neurotransmitters, plays a vital role in various physiological processes. Autonomic drugs exert their effects by modulating neurotransmission within the autonomic nervous system. For instance, drugs such as hemicholinium block the precursor uptake necessary for synthesizing acetylcholine, an essential autonomic neurotransmitter. Following synthesis, neurotransmitters are stored in vesicles. Metyrosine...
3.4K
01:14Conditioned Taste Aversion
522
Conditioned taste aversion, also known as sauce béarnaise syndrome, is a phenomenon in which an individual develops an aversion to a certain food taste following a negative experience, typically illness. This form of aversion is a type of classical conditioning in which the taste of the food (conditioned stimulus, CS) is associated with the experience of illness (unconditioned stimulus, UCS).
A notable characteristic of conditioned taste aversion is that it often requires only a single...
A notable characteristic of conditioned taste aversion is that it often requires only a single...
522
01:23Diencephalon: Hypothalamus and Coordination
3.6K
The hypothalamus is a small yet highly complex and essential brain region that plays a crucial role in regulating various bodily functions. Anatomically, it is located at the base of the brain, just above the brainstem and below the thalamus, forming part of the limbic system.
The hypothalamus interacts with other brain regions, including the pituitary gland, through a direct physical connection called the hypothalamic-pituitary axis. The hypothalamus receives somatic and visceral inputs and...
The hypothalamus interacts with other brain regions, including the pituitary gland, through a direct physical connection called the hypothalamic-pituitary axis. The hypothalamus receives somatic and visceral inputs and...
3.6K
01:05Instinctive Drift
614
Instinctive drift refers to the tendency of animals to revert to their innate behaviors despite repeated reinforcement. Breland and Breland demonstrated this concept in an experiment with a raccoon. The raccoon was trained to pick up two coins and place them in a container in exchange for food. Initially, the raccoon learned to associate the coins with food, making them a conditioned stimulus or a substitute for food. However, over time, the raccoon became less willing to put the coins into the...
614