蜂蜜中的pyrrolizidine类化合物:在日本发生情况和个人资料分析
Tadashi Nakatani1, Kazuo Yamazaki2, Misako Nakamura1
1Food Chemistry Section, Division of Hygienic Chemistry, Osaka Institute of Public Health, 1-3-3, Nakamichi, Higashinari-ku, Osaka 537-0025, Japan.
Food chemistry
|October 30, 2025
概括
在93.8%的日本蜂蜜样本中发现了罗利津类化物 (PA) 和它们的N-氧化物 (PANO). 虽然污染水平对公共卫生风险较低,但国内蜂蜜和进口蜂蜜之间存在差异.
科学领域:
- 食品化学 食品化学
- 分析化学 分析化学
- 毒理学 毒理学 毒理学
背景情况:
- 罗素类化合物 (PAs) 是植物中发现的天然存在的毒素.
- 蜂蜜可以通过蜜蜂收集花蜜而受到PA的污染.
- 了解蜂蜜中的PA和pyrrolizidine N-oxide (PANO) 含量对于食品安全至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 在日本销售的蜂蜜中量化15种PA和12种PANO.
- 评估与蜂蜜消费的PA/PANO暴露相关的潜在健康风险.
- 为了分析日本和进口蜂蜜之间的PA概况的差异.
主要方法:
- 分析了来自日本各种零售来源的129个蜂蜜样本.
- 使用的液体染色学-双重质谱法 (LC-MS/MS).
- 采用了一种新的样品准备技术,以提高准确度.
主要成果:
- 93.8%的蜂蜜样本含有可检测的PA/PANO,其度高达69.8μg/kg.
- 间隔剂和利科普萨明是经常检测到的PA化合物.
- 在日本和进口蜂蜜之间没有明显的污染水平差异,但在日本和进口蜂蜜之间观察到不同的PA概况.
- 暴露值的计算边际表明公共健康问题很低.
结论:
- 日本蜂蜜经常含有PA和PANO,但在没有造成重大健康风险的水平上.
- 日本蜂蜜中的PA概况是多样化的,可以分为三个主要组.
- 为了消费者安全,建议进一步监测蜂蜜中PA污染的情况.
相关概念视频
01:25Basicity of Heterocyclic Aromatic Amines
Heterocyclic amines, where the N atom is a part of an alicyclic system, are similar in basicity to alkylamines. Interestingly, the heterocyclic amine having a nitrogen atom as part of an aromatic ring has much less basicity than its corresponding alicyclic counterpart. For this reason, as presented in Figure 1, piperidine (pKb = 2.8) is significantly more basic than pyridine (pKb = 8.8).
01:11Aryldiazonium Salts to Azo Dyes: Diazo Coupling
The reaction of weakly electrophilic aryldiazonium (also called arenediazonium) salts with highly activated aromatic compounds leads to the formation of products with an —N=N— link, called an azo linkage. This reaction, presented in Figure 1, is known as diazo coupling and occurs without the loss of the nitrogen atoms of the aryldiazonium salt. Highly activated aromatic compounds such as phenols or arylamines favor the diazo coupling reaction. The coupling generally occurs at the para position.
01:26Physical Properties of Amines
Amines with low molecular weight are usually gaseous at room temperature, while those with high molecular weight are liquid or solids in nature. Usually, low molecular weight amines have a rotten fish-like smell. Diamines typically have a pungent smell. For instance, cadaverine and putrescine, depicted in Figure 1, are two molecules responsible for decaying tissue.