评估大型变压器模型用于对资源有限的物联网设备的异常检测,用于入侵检测系统
Ahmad Almadhor1, Shtwai Alsubai2, Natalia Kryvinska3
1Department of Computer Engineering and Networks, College of Computer and Information Sciences, Jouf University, 72388, Sakaka, Saudi Arabia.
Scientific reports
|October 31, 2025
概括
大型变压器模型 (LTM) 增强了物联网 (IoT) 安全的入侵检测系统 (IDS). 本研究使用像BERT这样的变压器模型来实时检测物联网攻击,显示有效的学习和概括能力.
科学领域:
- 网络安全 网络安全
- 人工智能的人工智能
- 网络安全 网络安全
背景情况:
- 物联网 (IoT) 的扩张带来了重大的安全挑战.
- 传统的入侵检测系统 (IDS) 与新的和不断变化的网络威胁作斗争.
- 由人工智能驱动的IDS,包括机器学习 (ML) 和深度学习 (DL),提供了潜力,但面临着可扩展性和适应性问题.
研究的目的:
- 提出和评估基于大型变压器模型 (LTM) 的新型入侵检测系统 (IDS),用于实时检测物联网攻击.
- 利用LTM的先进的上下文理解,以改善物联网环境中的异常检测和自动化威胁分析.
- 整合基于变压器的深度学习模型,特别是BERT,DistilBERT和RoBERTa,以提高物联网安全性.
主要方法:
- 利用基于变压器的深度学习模型:微调的双向编码器表示从变压器 (BERT),DistilBERT和强大的优化BERT训练 (RoBERTa).
- 预处理了RT_IoT2022数据集,编码攻击类别并将数据转换为文本格式,以实现NLP模型兼容性.
- 微调的多变压器架构和优化的超参数用于物联网攻击分类使用拥抱脸数据集格式.
主要成果:
- 伯特模型实现了0.0211的低培训损失和0.0677.7的验证损失.
- 演示了变压器模型在分类物联网攻击中的有效学习和良好的概括能力.
- 拟议的基于LTM的IDS显示了改善物联网安全中的情报,自动化和威胁减轻的承诺.
结论:
- 大型变压器模型 (LTM) 为物联网 (IoT) 提供了一种强大的方法来增强实时入侵检测系统 (IDS).
- 像BERT这样的变压器架构对于对物联网攻击进行分类是有效的,表现出强大的性能和通用性.
- 将LTM集成到物联网安全框架中可以显著提高威胁检测和缓解能力.
相关概念视频
Transformers in Distribution System
491
Transformers in distribution systems can be broadly categorized into distribution substation transformers and other distribution transformers. They are crucial for stepping down high transmission voltages to levels suitable for distribution and end-user applications.
Distribution substation transformers come in various ratings and typically use mineral oil for insulation and cooling. To prevent moisture and air from entering the oil, some transformers use an inert gas like nitrogen to fill the...
Distribution substation transformers come in various ratings and typically use mineral oil for insulation and cooling. To prevent moisture and air from entering the oil, some transformers use an inert gas like nitrogen to fill the...
491
Transformers with Off-Nominal Turns Ratios
507
In scenarios involving parallel transformers with disparate ratings, developing per-unit models requires accommodating off-nominal turns ratios. This situation arises when the selected base voltages are not proportional to the transformer’s voltage ratings. Consider a transformer where the rated voltages are related by the term a. If the chosen voltage bases satisfy a relationship involving term b, term c is defined as the ratio of these bases. This ratio is then substituted into the...
507
Instrument Transformers
431
Instrument transformers, comprising voltage transformers (VTs) and current transformers (CTs), play crucial roles in power substations by providing isolated replicas of current or voltage for measurement and protection purposes. Voltage transformers reduce the primary voltage to levels suitable for relay operation and measurement, while current transformers scale down the primary current. The primary winding of a current transformer often consists of a single turn, achieved by threading the...
431
Energy Losses in Transformers
1.3K
In an ideal transformer, it is assumed that there are no energy losses, and, hence, all the power at the primary winding is transferred to the secondary winding. However, in reality, the transformers always have some energy losses, and, hence, the output power obtained at the secondary winding is less than the input power at the primary winding due to energy losses.
There are four main reasons for energy losses in transformers.
The first cause can be the high resistance of the...
There are four main reasons for energy losses in transformers.
The first cause can be the high resistance of the...
1.3K
Power System Three-Phase Short Circuits
514
Determining the subtransient fault current in a power system involves representing transformers by their leakage reactances, transmission lines by their equivalent series reactances, and synchronous machines as constant voltage sources behind their subtransient reactances. In this analysis, certain elements are excluded, such as winding resistances, series resistances, shunt admittances, delta-Y phase shifts, armature resistance, saturation, saliency, non-rotating impedance loads, and small...
514
Transformers
1.7K
A device that transforms voltages from one value to another using induction is called a transformer. A transformer consists of two separate coils, or windings, wrapped around the same soft iron core. However, they are electrically insulated from each other.
The iron core has a substantial relative permeability. Therefore, the magnetic field lines generated due to the current in one winding are almost entirely confined within the core, such that the same magnetic flux permeates each turn of both...
The iron core has a substantial relative permeability. Therefore, the magnetic field lines generated due to the current in one winding are almost entirely confined within the core, such that the same magnetic flux permeates each turn of both...
1.7K

