精度和效率的平衡:混合量子化和统一计算架构的共同设计,用于尖端神经网络
Jiahao Li1, Ming Xu1, Heng Dong2
1National Key Laboratory of Space-Born Intelligent Information Processing, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China.
Frontiers in neuroscience
|October 31, 2025
概括
本研究介绍了用于尖端神经网络 (SNN) 的Ternary-8位混合重量定量 (T8HWQ) 方案,提高了精度并减少了边缘设备上的资源使用.
科学领域:
- 人工智能的人工智能
- 计算机架构 计算机架构
- 神经形态工程的神经形态工程
背景情况:
- 尖端神经网络 (SNN) 由于算法与硬件不匹配,在资源受限的边缘设备上部署时面临挑战.
- 在SNN中,积极的量化会导致准确性降低,而传统的硬件设计会导致资源冗余.
研究的目的:
- 开发一种新的算法-硬件联合设计框架,以解决边缘设备上SNN部署的局限性.
- 通过统一量子化和硬件架构,实现高效准确的SNN计算.
主要方法:
- 引入了一个Ternary-8位混合重量量化 (T8HWQ) 方案,将第一层重量量化为2位,随后的层量化为8位.
- 开发了一个通道智能双补偿策略,使用自适应值神经元来减轻量子化导致的准确性损失.
- 提出了一种统一的计算架构,以实现高效的处理数组复杂化.
主要成果:
- 在CIFAR-100上以单个时间步骤实现了几乎无损的准确性 (<0.7%的降解),与最先进的低位SNNs相比.
- 与脱架构相比,Xilinx Virtex 7平台上的查找表 (LUT) 资源节省了20.2%.
- 与现有的SNN加速器相比,实现了6倍的吞吐量改善,并降低了功耗.
结论:
- T8HWQ方案和统一架构有效地弥合了边缘设备上的SNN的算法硬件差距.
- 拟议的框架允许高性能,低延迟的SNN实现,具有显著的资源和功率效率.
- 这项工作促进了SNN在资源有限的环境中的实际应用.
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