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对NAT反应性和CLIA在检测输血传输感染中的血液捐献者的比较分析

Jyoti Kala Bharati¹, Arvind Kumar Singh¹, Yatendra Mohan¹

¹Department of Transfusion Medicine, Uttar Pradesh University of Medical Sciences, Saifai, Etawah, Uttar Pradesh-206130, India.

|October 31, 2025

概括

核酸检测 (NAT) 在血液捐献中为检测HIV,HBV和HCV提供了比化学发光免疫检测 (CLIA) 更高的灵敏度. 虽然这两种方法都有错误的阳性,但NAT识别了更多的感染,提高了血液安全.

科学领域:

输血医学输血医学
传染病诊断传染病诊断传染病诊断
公共卫生公共卫生

背景情况:

输血传染病 (TTIs) 对血液供应安全构成重大风险.
核酸检测 (NAT) 和化学发光免疫检测 (CLIA) 是TTIs的关键查方法.
评估NAT和CLIA的比较性能对于优化血液安全协议至关重要.

研究的目的:

为了比较NAT和CLIA在血液捐献中检测HIV,HBV和HCV的灵敏度,特异性和假阳性率.
与CLIA相比,评估NAT识别的感染的额外产量.
评估NAT与CLIA在TTI查中的成本效益.

主要方法:

对30335次献血的分析,重点是1843个反应单位.
对NAT和CLIA性能指标 (敏感性,特异性,假阳性率) 的比较评估.
通过NAT识别的额外感染病例的评估和成本效益分析.

主要成果:

与CLIA相比,NAT对HBV (98.50%),HIV (98%) 和HCV (97.50%) 的敏感性更高 (HBV: 79.09%,HIV: 94.44%,HCV: 64.20%).
这两种方法都显示出错误阳性率,CLIA-HCV达到70.6%.
NAT发现了另外106例HBV和63例HCV病例,证明了HBV和HCV查的成本效益.

结论:

NAT是一种高度敏感的TTI查工具,显著提高了血液安全性.
CLIA需要进行确认测试,以减轻错误阳性并提高血液供应效率.
这些发现支持将NAT作为关键TTIs的主要选方法的整合.

关键词:

化学发光免疫试验 (CLIA) 是一种化学发光免疫试验.核酸测试 (NAT) 是指核酸的测试.献血者献血者献血者献血者献血者灵敏度灵敏度灵敏度灵敏度灵敏度特殊性的特异性输血传播的感染 (TTIs)

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