一种环境采样和社区驱动的方法,以了解和解决卫生下水道溢出和地下室备份所带来的风险
Priscila B R Alves1, Maeghen Goode2, Emily M H Woerner3
1Stormwater Infrastructure Resilience and Justice (SIRJ) Lab, School of Architecture, Planning, and Preservation, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA
来自废水系统故障的未经处理的污水对健康有害,特别是在服务不足的地区. 这项研究评估了家庭层面的污水备份,揭示了关键的基础设施和健康问题.
科学领域:
- 环境健康 环境健康
- 城市基础设施城市基础设施.
- 公共卫生 公共卫生
背景情况:
- 在全球范围内,废水系统的故障会释放未经处理的污水,导致身体和精神健康问题.
- 缺乏足够基础设施的贫困社区面临着持续暴露在原始污水,水传播病原体和抗生素耐药 (AR) 细菌中.
- 现有关于卫生下水道溢出 (SSO) 的研究主要集中在流域规模上.
研究的目的:
- 提供跨学科的方法,在家庭层面评估SSO和地下备份.
- 调查AR细菌暴露的社会方面,基础设施负担和途径.
- 突出建筑环境对贫困社区公共卫生的影响.
主要方法:
- 开发了一种由社区驱动的五步方法,结合城市规划,工程和公共卫生.
- 方法包括居民调查,家庭视觉检查,环境采样和微生物分析.
- 试点研究在马里兰州巴尔的摩的40个家庭中进行,随后扩展到马里兰州的三个县.
主要成果:
- 该研究评估了家庭级别的SSO和地下室备份,并纳入了社会和基础设施因素.
- 在受污水问题影响的家庭中,研究了AR细菌暴露的途径.
- 该方法结合了环境采样,社区参与和实验室分析.
结论:
- 家庭层面的评估对于了解SSO的全部影响至关重要,特别是在服务不足的社区.
- 建筑环境对与污水接触有关的公共卫生结果产生重大影响.
- 该框架为解决SSO和改善弱势群体公共卫生提供了一个模型.
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