青少年大麻和酒精使用期望介导了青春期前认知功能和随后使用启动之间的关联
Stephanie K Jones1, Rachel Tomko2, Nolan Ramer2
1Department of Public Health, Baylor University, United States.
Addictive behaviors
|October 31, 2025
概括
年轻人更高的一般能力增加了大麻使用风险,通过积极的期望来调解. 视觉空间技能提供了保护,而酒精期望则将一般能力与酒精使用联系起来. 针对期望的干预措施可能会防止年轻人开始吸毒.
科学领域:
- 神经科学是一个神经科学.
- 发展心理学 发展心理学
- 公共卫生 公共卫生
背景情况:
- 青少年使用物质,包括烟草,酒精和大麻,是发展物质使用障碍的重要危险因素.
- 之前的研究已经确定了影响青少年早期使用物质的不同神经认知因素.
- "ABCD研究"提供了大量年轻人队列中神经发育和行为的纵向数据.
研究的目的:
- 检查早期神经认知因素与青少年大麻使用之间的潜在关联.
- 调查与物质相关的期望 (积极和消极) 在这些关联中的调解作用.
- 探索神经认知因素与早期酒精和烟草使用之间的关系,考虑预期.
主要方法:
- 利用了7776名参与长度ABCD研究的数据,在入学时年龄为9-10岁.
- 评估神经认知因素,包括一般能力,执行功能,学习/记忆和视觉空间/心理旋转技能.
- 分析了与大麻,酒精和烟草使用的关联,在13-14岁时开始使用,测试通过物质预期的调解.
主要成果:
- 较高的一般能力与大麻使用风险增加有关 (OR=1.23),积极的大麻预期调解了这一效应的很大一部分 (72.6%).
- 较强的视觉空间推理技能对大麻使用有保护作用 (OR=0.83),没有预期的调解.
- 积极的酒精期望调解了一般能力和早期酒精使用之间的关联 (36.3%).
- 与早期使用烟草的关联并没有通过烟草的期望进行调解.
结论:
- 神经认知因素,特别是一般能力和视觉空间技能,在年轻人开始使用物质方面发挥着作用,特别是在大麻方面.
- 对物质的期望,尤其是对大麻和酒精的积极期望,调解了神经认知能力和物质使用之间的联系.
- 旨在修改预期的适合发育的干预措施,例如减少积极的和增加负面的大麻预期,可以有效地防止青少年使用大麻和酒精.
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