人类的SARS-CoV-2进化使其能够传播给非人类灵长类动物
Yu-Ting Chiu1, Yu-Sung Huang2, Max Yu-Chen Pan1
1Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology, National Tsing Hua University, No. 101, Section 2, Kuang-Fu Road, Hsinchu 300044, Taiwan R.O.C.
Molecular biology and evolution
|November 1, 2025
概括
人类驱动的SARS-CoV-2变种的进化增强了它们感染新世界子的能力,克服了物种障碍. 持续监测至关重要,以防止未来的反向动物性病变事件.
科学领域:
- 病毒学 病毒学
- 进化生物学 进化生物学
- 灵长类健康 灵长类健康
背景情况:
- 动物性病毒可以从动物传播给人类,但反向动物性病毒 (人与动物) 的理解较少.
- 随着COVID-19的流行,人们有机会研究SARS-CoV-2的演变及其跨物种传播潜力.
- 新世界子 (NWM) 具有特定的ACE2受体变异,为野生型的SARS-CoV-2创造了障碍.
研究的目的:
- 研究SARS-CoV-2变种对新世界子ACE2受体获得传染性的分子机制.
- 确定关键的病毒突变,负责克服非人类灵长类动物的物种障碍.
- 评估从人类转移到NWM的反转动物感染风险的不断变化.
主要方法:
- 使用表达NWM ACE2 (nwmACE2) 的HeLa细胞进行伪病毒检测.
- 对各种SARS-CoV-2变种 (阿尔法,三角形,奥米克龙,XBB,JN.1系) 的传染性进行分析.
- 分子动力学模拟和突变优先级框架用于识别关键病毒残留物.
主要成果:
- 早期的SARS-CoV-2变种 (WT,Alpha) 没有显示对nwmACE2.2的感染性.
- 后来的变种,特别是像XBB这样的Omicron亚系,对nwmACE2.2表现出强大的传染性.
- 最近的谱系 (JN.1,LB.1,KP.3.1.1) 保持了减少但持久的跨物种传染性.
- 在受体结合域 (例如,N405,R452,Y501) 中的关键突变被确定为适应NWM ACE2的关键突变.
结论:
- 人类驱动的SARS-CoV-2进化逐渐使适应NWM ACE2受体成为可能.
- 特定突变的协同效应使病毒变异能够克服灵长类物种障碍.
- 这些发现突显出逆转动物性病的可能性日益增加,以及需要加强对非人类灵长类动物的监测.
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