数字语音生物标志物用于评估神经退行性疾病中的认知衰退
Daniel Kovac1, Lubomira Novakova2, Jiri Mekyska1
1Department of Telecommunications, Brno University of Technology, Brno, Czech Republic; Applied Neuroscience Research Group, Central European Institute of Technology - CEITEC, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic.
Computers in biology and medicine
|November 1, 2025
概括
语音分析揭示了区分轻度认知障碍亚型的明显模式. 这些数字生物标志物与临床评估相结合,增强认知监测和对大脑健康的理解.
科学领域:
- 神经科学是一个神经科学.
- 计算语言学 计算语言学
- 老年学是一门学科.
背景情况:
- 轻度认知障碍 (MCI) 包括各种亚型,包括阿尔茨海默病 (MCI-AD),莱维体痴呆症 (MCI-LB) 和帕金森病 (PD-MCI).
- 区分这些亚型对于有针对性的干预和了解疾病进展至关重要.
- 语音障碍越来越多地被认为是潜在的认知衰退的早期指标.
研究的目的:
- 在语音中识别语言和声学数字生物标志物,可以区分HC,MCI-AD,MCI-LB和PD-MCI.
- 探索这些语音特征与临床和神经成像数据的相关性.
- 评估语音生物标记在机器学习模型中对认知状态分类和预测的有用性.
主要方法:
- 来自68名健康对照 (HC) 和209名患有MCI的参与者 (42名MCI-AD,50名MCI-LB,47名PD-MCI) 的独白语录音的收集.
- 自然语言处理 (NLP) 分析以提取语言 (词汇/语法) 和声学 (语音) 语音生物标志物.
- 统计分析 (曼-惠特尼U,斯皮尔曼相关性) 和机器学习 (XGBoost) 用于组比较,相关性,分类和预测.
主要成果:
- 确定了明显的语音模式:MCI-AD显示功能词语减少,PD-MCI显示短句和更长的暂停,MCI-LB显示词汇重复增加.
- 语音特征与大脑结构变化相关,但与全球认知 (MoCA) 或抑郁症状 (GDS) 不相关.
- 结合语音生物标志物的机器学习模型,与单独的临床分数相比,提高了分类准确性,预测MoCA的正常化误差为10%.
结论:
- 语音分析为区分MCI亚型提供了有价值的,非侵入性的数字生物标志物.
- 这些语音生物标志物补充了传统的临床评估,改善了认知状态分类和监测.
- 语音分析有望为可扩展和客观的认知健康评估提供希望.
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