认识论权威和医学AI:医学实践中的认识论差异和挑战
Angeliki Kerasidou1, Charalampia Xaroula Kerasidou2
1Ethox Centre, Nuffield Department of Population Health, Big Data Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre for Health Information and Discovery Oxford, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK. angeliki.kerasidou@ethox.ox.ac.uk.
Medicine, health care, and philosophy
|November 2, 2025
概括
医学人工智能 (AI) 提供了改进的临床护理,但使用的科学方法不同于传统医学. 人工智能应该被视为一种工具,而不是一个认识论的权威,直到认识论上的差异得到和解.
科学领域:
- 医疗信息学 医疗信息学
- 医学哲学 医学哲学
- 人工智能的人工智能
背景情况:
- 现代医学努力减少诊断,预后和治疗的不确定性.
- 医疗人工智能的进步承诺在临床环境中提高准确性,速度和效率.
- 医疗人工智能的成功引发了对其挑战医生的认识论权威的潜力的问题.
研究的目的:
- 检查医疗人工智能 (AI) 是否可以被视为一个认识论的权威.
- 分析医学AI的认识价值和知识要求.
- 评估医疗AI与医疗实践的既定权威关系中的作用.
主要方法:
- 在医学实践中利用波波维奇的认识权威框架,该框架基于科学方法.
- 将医疗人工智能使用的科学方法与西方传统医学的方法进行比较.
- 分析AI驱动的相关性和医学中的经验基础的因果关系之间的认识论差异.
主要成果:
- 与传统西方医学相比,医疗AI采用了独特的科学方法.
- 科学方法的这种分歧对AI对认识论权威的要求提出了重大挑战.
- 人工智能目前擅长识别统计准确的相关性,但不一定具有经验基础的因果关系.
结论:
- 医学人工智能不能被视为一个认识论的权威,只要医学优先考虑经验基础的因果关系,而不是单纯的统计相关性.
- 在认识论差异被整合之前,医疗人工智能应该服从医疗实践的认识论权威.
- 医疗人工智能应该被认为是医疗实践现有框架中的一个有价值的工具,以帮助医生.
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