极端温度和早产:时间窗口和地理差异
Meng-Wei Ge1, Wei Du1, Lu-Ting Shen1
1School of Nursing and Rehabilitation, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, PR China.
Early human development
|November 2, 2025
概括
怀孕期间的高温显著增加了早产 (PTB) 的风险,特别是在亚热带地区和早期怀孕. 暴露于寒冷的情况.
科学领域:
- 环境健康 环境健康
- 生殖流行病学 生殖流行病学
- 气候变化影响 气候变化影响
背景情况:
- 早产 (PTB) 仍然是全球新生儿死亡率和发病率的主要原因.
- 母亲暴露在极端温度下越来越多地被认为是导致妊娠不良后果的潜在环境风险因素.
- 了解温度暴露对PTB影响的具体时间和规模对于公共卫生干预至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 系统地评估产前暴露于热和寒冷与早产风险 (PTB) 之间的联系.
- 调查不同温度暴露时间窗口如何影响PTB风险.
- 确定可能改变这些关联的特定气候或人口因素.
主要方法:
- 在Embase,Web of Science,PubMed和Scopus进行了全面的系统文献搜索.
- 从32项符合条件的研究中提取了数据,重点关注温度暴露时间,温度水平和PTB流行率.
- 进行了六次随机效应元分析,按温度百分位数和暴露时间窗口分层,遵循PRISMA指南.
主要成果:
- 在分娩前一周内高温显著增加了PTB风险 (RR=1.05),在亚热带地区和发展中国家观察到的风险更高.
- 在分娩前1-4周 (RR=1.07) 和超过四周 (RR=1.20) 的暴露窗口中发现了高温和PTB之间的积极关联.
- 暴露在寒冷中与增加PTB风险的显著关联仅在发生在分娩前四周以上时才显示出来 (RR=1.21).
结论:
- 产前暴露于高温是早产的重要危险因素,特别是在怀孕早期和亚热带气候.
- 寒冷暴露对PTB风险的影响不太清楚,但需要进一步调查,特别是在长时间暴露的情况下.
- 这些发现强调了需要适应气候变化的产前护理策略,包括热警告和冷却措施,以减轻气候变化对母亲和婴儿的健康影响.
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