神经退行性疾病神经成像中的深度学习:最先进的技术,挑战和机遇
Taymaz Akan1, Sara Akan2, Sait Alp3
1Department of Medicine, LSU Health Shreveport, Shreveport, LA, USA; Department of Software Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Istanbul Topkapı University, Istanbul, Türkiye.
Journal of the neurological sciences
|November 2, 2025
概括
神经成像中的深度学习 (DL) 有助于早期诊断神经退行性疾病 (NDD). 在现实世界的数据应用中仍然存在挑战,需要更广泛的NDD范围和强大的临床使用方法.
科学领域:
- 神经成像和计算神经科学
- 医学中的人工智能
- 神经学和临床诊断的诊断.
背景情况:
- 神经成像对于诊断神经退行性疾病 (NDD) 至关重要,在症状出现之前检测大脑变化.
- 深度学习 (DL) 提供了使用神经成像数据改善早期NDD诊断和监测的潜力.
- 当前的DL模型在现实世界的数据表示和通用性方面存在局限性.
研究的目的:
- 探索DL在更广泛的NDD频谱中进行神经成像分析的进展.
- 突出DL在诊断和监测NDD的作用,除了阿尔茨海默氏症和帕金森症等常见疾病之外.
- 讨论将DL应用于神经成像数据的挑战和策略.
主要方法:
- 对用于神经成像用于NDD诊断和监测的DL算法的审查.
- 对DL处理空间/时间信息在脑体积成像中的方法的分析.
- 检查各种神经成像数据处理技术 (基于voxel,基于补丁,基于ROI,基于切片).
主要成果:
- DL模型在诊断分类中显示出高准确度,但由于数据变化,临床适用性有限.
- 研究历来专注于常见的NDD,对较罕见的疾病的探索有限.
- 脑成像中的空间/时间信息处理是DL方法的关键重点.
结论:
- 神经成像中的DL对NDD诊断和监测具有前景,但需要解决数据异质性和可变性.
- 将DL应用扩展到更广泛的NDD领域对于全面的患者护理至关重要.
- 克服跨站点变化,类不平衡和数据稀缺等挑战对于强大的DL模型性能和通用性至关重要.
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